Banking Supervision Law of the People’s Republic of China
中华人民共和国银行业监督管理法
(Adopted at the Sixth Session of the Standing Committee of the Tenth National People’s Congress on December 27, 2003, amended at the Twenty-fourth Session of the Standing Committee of the Tenth National People’s Congress on October 31, 2006)
（2003年12月27日第十届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第六次会议通过 根据2006年10月31日第十届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第二十四次会议《关于修改〈中华人民共和国银行业监督管理法〉的决定》修正）
Contents
目录
Chapter I General Provisions
第一章 总则
Chapter II The Banking Regulatory Authority
第二章 监督管理机构
Chapter III Regulatory and Supervisory Responsibilities
第三章 监督管理职责
Chapter IV Supervisory Methods and Procedures
第四章 监督管理措施
Chapter V Legal Liability
第五章 法律责任
Chapter VI Supplementary Provisions
第六章 附则
Chapter I General Provisions
第一章 总则
Article 1 This law is enacted for the purposes of improving banking regulation and supervision, standardizing banking supervisory process and procedures, preventing and mitigating financial risks in the banking industry, protecting the interests of depositors and other customers, as well as promoting a safe and sound banking industry in China.
第一条 为了加强对银行业的监督管理，规范监督管理行为，防范和化解银行业风险，保护存款人和其他客户的合法权益，促进银行业健康发展，制定本法。
Article 2 The banking regulatory authority under the State Council shall be responsible for the regulation and supervision of the banking institutions in China and their business operations.
第二条 国务院银行业监督管理机构负责对全国银行业金融机构及其业务活动监督管理的工作。
For the purposes of this law, the term “banking institutions” means financial institutions established in the People’s Republic of China that take deposits from the general public, including, among others, commercial banks, urban credit cooperatives and rural credit cooperatives, and policy banks.
本法所称银行业金融机构，是指在中华人民共和国境内设立的商业银行、城市信用合作社、农村信用合作社等吸收公众存款的金融机构以及政策性银行。
The provisions of this law pertaining to the regulation and supervision of banking institutions are applicable to the regulation and supervision of asset management companies, trust and investment companies, finance companies, financial leasing companies and other financial institutions established in the People’s Republic of China as authorized by the banking regulatory authority under the State Council.
对在中华人民共和国境内设立的金融资产管理公司、信托投资公司、财务公司、金融租赁公司以及经国务院银行业监督管理机构批准设立的其他金融机构的监督管理，适用本法对银行业金融机构监督管理的规定。
The banking regulatory authority under the State Council shall, in accordance with the applicable provisions of this law, regulate and supervise the financial institutions that, subject to its approval, are established outside the People’s Republic of China, as well as the overseas business operations conducted by the financial institutions referred to in the preceding two paragraphs.
国务院银行业监督管理机构依照本法有关规定，对经其批准在境外设立的金融机构以及前二款金融机构在境外的业务活动实施监督管理。
Article 3 The objectives of banking regulation and supervision are to promote the safety and soundness of the banking industry and maintain public confidence in the banking industry.
第三条 银行业监督管理的目标是促进银行业的合法、稳健运行，维护公众对银行业的信心。
Towards these objectives, the banking regulation and supervision shall protect fair competition in the banking industry and promote the competitiveness of the banking industry.
银行业监督管理应当保护银行业公平竞争，提高银行业竞争能力。
Article 4 The banking regulatory authority shall exercise banking regulation and supervision in accordance with laws and regulations and in line with the principles of openness, fairness and efficiency.
第四条 银行业监督管理机构对银行业实施监督管理，应当遵循依法、公开、公正和效率的原则。
Article 5 The banking regulatory authority and its supervisory staff shall be protected by law while performing supervisory responsibilities in accordance with laws and regulations. There shall be no interference by local governments, government departments at various levels, public organizations or individuals.
第五条 银行业监督管理机构及其从事监督管理工作的人员依法履行监督管理职责，受法律保护。地方政府、各级政府部门、社会团体和个人不得干涉。
Article 6 The banking regulatory authority under the State Council shall establish supervisory information sharing mechanisms with the People’s Bank of China and other regulatory authorities under the State Council.
第六条 国务院银行业监督管理机构应当和中国人民银行、国务院其他金融监督管理机构建立监督管理信息共享机制。
Article 7 The banking regulatory authority under the State Council may establish supervisory cooperation mechanisms with the banking supervisory authorities in other countries and regions for the supervision of cross-border banking.
第七条 国务院银行业监督管理机构可以和其他国家或者地区的银行业监督管理机构建立监督管理合作机制，实施跨境监督管理。
Chapter II The Banking Regulatory Authority
第二章 监督管理机构
Article 8 The banking regulatory authority under the State Council may, if deemed necessary for performing its responsibilities, set up local offices, and shall exercise centralized oversight of its local offices.
第八条 国务院银行业监督管理机构根据履行职责的需要设立派出机构。国务院银行业监督管理机构对派出机构实行统一领导和管理。
The local offices of the banking regulatory authority under the State Council shall perform supervisory functions as authorized by the banking regulatory authority under the State Council.
国务院银行业监督管理机构的派出机构在国务院银行业监督管理机构的授权范围内，履行监督管理职责。
Article 9 The supervisory staff of the banking regulatory authority shall have the professional skills and work experiences as required for performing their duties.
第九条 银行业监督管理机构从事监督管理工作的人员，应当具备与其任职相适应的专业知识和业务工作经验。
Article 10 The staff of the banking regulatory authority shall perform their duties with integrity and in accordance with laws and regulations. They shall not take advantage of their positions to seek inappropriate gains, or concurrently hold a position in enterprises including financial institutions.
第十条 银行业监督管理机构工作人员，应当忠于职守，依法办事，公正廉洁，不得利用职务便利牟取不正当的利益，不得在金融机构等企业中兼任职务。
Article 11 The staff of the banking regulatory authority shall preserve the confidentiality of information for the State according to applicable laws and regulations, and for the banking institutions subject to their supervision and other parties concerned.
第十一条 银行业监督管理机构工作人员，应当依法保守国家秘密，并有责任为其监督管理的银行业金融机构及当事人保守秘密。
The banking regulatory authority under the State Council shall make relevant arrangements for preserving the confidentiality of information while exchanging supervisory information with the banking supervisory authorities in other countries and regions.
国务院银行业监督管理机构同其他国家或者地区的银行业监督管理机构交流监督管理信息，应当就信息保密作出安排。
Article 12 The banking regulatory authority under the State Council shall make public its supervisory process and procedures, and put in place a supervisory accountability system and an internal compliance monitoring mechanism.
第十二条 国务院银行业监督管理机构应当公开监督管理程序，建立监督管理责任制度和内部监督制度。
Article 13 Local governments and relevant government departments at various levels shall cooperate and provide assistance for the banking regulatory authority to exercise its supervisory activities, such as resolving problem banking institutions, and investigating and taking enforcement actions against activities that violate laws and regulations.
第十三条 银行业监督管理机构在处置银行业金融机构风险、查处有关金融违法行为等监督管理活动中，地方政府、各级有关部门应当予以配合和协助。
Article 14 The banking regulatory authority under the State Council shall be subject to the oversight by relevant government agencies such as the audit institution and supervisory institution under the State Council.
第十四条 国务院审计、监察等机关，应当依照法律规定对国务院银行业监督管理机构的活动进行监督。
Chapter III Regulatory and Supervisory Responsibilities
第三章 监督管理职责
Article 15 The banking regulatory authority under the State Council shall, in accordance with applicable laws and administrative regulations, formulate and promulgate supervisory rules and regulations for banking institutions.
第十五条 国务院银行业监督管理机构依照法律、行政法规制定并发布对银行业金融机构及其业务活动监督管理的规章、规则。
Article 16 The banking regulatory authority under the State Council shall, in accordance with the criteria and procedures provided in applicable laws and administrative regulations, authorize the establishment, changes, termination and business scope of banking institutions.
第十六条 国务院银行业监督管理机构依照法律、行政法规规定的条件和程序，审查批准银行业金融机构的设立、变更、终止以及业务范围。
Article 17 The banking regulatory authority under the State Council shall review and assess the source of capital, financial strength, ability to replenish capital and integrity of the shareholders while reviewing the applications for the establishment of a banking institution or changes in the shareholders that hold a certain percentage or more of the total capital or total shares as stipulated in applicable laws and regulations.
第十七条 申请设立银行业金融机构，或者银行业金融机构变更持有资本总额或者股份总额达到规定比例以上的股东的，国务院银行业监督管理机构应当对股东的资金来源、财务状况、资本补充能力和诚信状况进行审查。
Article 18 Products and services offered by a banking institution within its business scope authorized by the banking regulatory authority under the State Council shall, in accordance with applicable regulations, be subject to prior approval of the banking regulatory authority under the State Council or the report for filing requirement. The banking regulatory authority under the State Council shall, in accordance with applicable laws and administrative regulations, make public the products and services that are subject to prior approval or report for filing requirement.
第十八条 银行业金融机构业务范围内的业务品种，应当按照规定经国务院银行业监督管理机构审查批准或者备案。需要审查批准或者备案的业务品种，由国务院银行业监督管理机构依照法律、行政法规作出规定并公布。
Article 19 Without the authorization of the banking regulatory authority under the State Council, no institution or individuals may establish a banking institution or engage in banking businesses.
第十九条 未经国务院银行业监督管理机构批准，任何单位或者个人不得设立银行业金融机构或者从事银行业金融机构的业务活动。
Article 20 The banking regulatory authority under the State Council shall conduct fit and proper test for directors and senior managers of banking institutions. For this purpose, the banking regulatory authority under the State Council shall formulate specific rules and procedures on the fit and proper test.
第二十条 国务院银行业监督管理机构对银行业金融机构的董事和高级管理人员实行任职资格管理。具体办法由国务院银行业监督管理机构制定。
Article 21 Prudential rules and regulations applied to banking institutions may be stipulated in laws or administrative regulations, or formulated by the banking regulatory authority under the State Council in accordance with applicable laws and administrative regulations.
第二十一条 银行业金融机构的审慎经营规则，由法律、行政法规规定，也可以由国务院银行业监督管理机构依照法律、行政法规制定。
“prudential rules and regulations” referred to in the preceding paragraph shall cover, among others, risk management, internal controls, capital adequacy, asset quality, loan loss provisioning, risk concentrations, connected transactions and liquidity management.
前款规定的审慎经营规则，包括风险管理、内部控制、资本充足率、资产质量、损失准备金、风险集中、关联交易、资产流动性等内容。
The banking institutions shall observe these prudential rules and regulations.
银行业金融机构应当严格遵守审慎经营规则。
Article 22 The banking regulatory authority under the State Council shall, within a prescribed period of time, make a decision of approval or rejection in writing in response to the following applications. If a decision of rejection is made, it shall specify the reasons for rejection:
第二十二条 国务院银行业监督管理机构应当在规定的期限，对下列申请事项作出批准或者不批准的书面决定；决定不批准的，应当说明理由：
(1)In the case of establishment of a banking institution, within six months from the date of receiving the application documents;
（一）银行业金融机构的设立，自收到申请文件之日起六个月内；
(2)In the case of changes or termination of a banking institution or offering new products or services within the business scope authorized by the banking regulatory authority under the State Council, within three months from the date of receiving the application documents; and
（二）银行业金融机构的变更、终止，以及业务范围和增加业务范围内的业务品种，自收到申请文件之日起三个月内；
(3)In the case of fit and proper test for directors and senior managers, within one month from the date of receiving the application documents.
（三）审查董事和高级管理人员的任职资格，自收到申请文件之日起三十日内。
Article 23 The banking regulatory authority shall conduct off-site surveillance of the business operations and risk profile of banking institutions. For this purpose, it shall establish a supervisory information system to analyze and assess the risk profile of banking institutions.
第二十三条 银行业监督管理机构应当对银行业金融机构的业务活动及其风险状况进行非现场监管，建立银行业金融机构监督管理信息系统，分析、评价银行业金融机构的风险状况。
Article 24 The banking regulatory authority shall conduct on-site examination of the business operations and risk profile of banking institutions.
第二十四条 银行业监督管理机构应当对银行业金融机构的业务活动及其风险状况进行现场检查。
The banking regulatory authority shall formulate on-site examination procedures to standardize on-site examination activities.
国务院银行业监督管理机构应当制定现场检查程序，规范现场检查行为。
Article 25 The banking regulatory authority under the State Council shall regulate and supervise banking institutions on a consolidated basis.
第二十五条 国务院银行业监督管理机构应当对银行业金融机构实行并表监督管理。
Article 26 The banking regulatory authority under the State Council shall respond to the proposals of the people’s Bank of China for the examination of banking institutions within thirty days from the date of receiving the proposals.
第二十六条 国务院银行业监督管理机构对中国人民银行提出的检查银行业金融机构的建议，应当自收到建议之日起三十日内予以回复。
Article 27 The banking regulatory authority under the State Council shall establish a rating system and an early warning system for the purpose of supervision of banking institutions, thus, based on the rating and risk profile of banking institutions, determining the frequency and scope of on-site examination as well as other supervisory measures that may be deemed necessary.
第二十七条 国务院银行业监督管理机构应当建立银行业金融机构监督管理评级体系和风险预警机制，根据银行业金融机构的评级情况和风险状况，确定对其现场检查的频率、范围和需要采取的其他措施。
Article 28 The banking regulatory authority under the State Council shall establish a system to identify and report emergency situations in the banking sector.
第二十八条 国务院银行业监督管理机构应当建立银行业突发事件的发现、报告岗位责任制度。
The banking regulatory authority shall, as soon as identified any emergency situations that may result in systemic banking risks, hence causing severe social instability, report to the chief responsible person of the banking regulatory authority under the State Council. The chief responsible person of the banking regulatory authority under the State Council shall, when deemed necessary, report to the State Council while informing relevant government agencies including the People’s Bank of China and Ministry of Finance.
银行业监督管理机构发现可能引发系统性银行业风险、严重影响社会稳定的突发事件的，应当立即向国务院银行业监督管理机构负责人报告；国务院银行业监督管理机构负责人认为需要向国务院报告的，应当立即向国务院报告，并告知中国人民银行、国务院财政部门等有关部门。
Article 29 The banking regulatory authority under the State Council shall, in collaboration with relevant government agencies including the People’s Bank of China and Ministry of Finance, establish mechanisms to address emergency situations in the banking sector, including formulating contingency plans, designating institutions and staff members, specifying their responsibilities, and stipulating resolution measures and procedures, hence ensuring timely and effective resolution of the emergency situations in the banking sector.
第二十九条 国务院银行业监督管理机构应当会同中国人民银行、国务院财政部门等有关部门建立银行业突发事件处置制度，制定银行业突发事件处置预案，明确处置机构和人员及其职责、处置措施和处置程序，及时、有效地处置银行业突发事件。
Article 30 The banking regulatory authority under the State Council shall compile and publish statistics and reports of banking institutions in accordance with applicable regulations of the State.
第三十条 国务院银行业监督管理机构负责统一编制全国银行业金融机构的统计数据、报表，并按照国家有关规定予以公布。
Article 31 The banking regulatory authority under the State Council shall guide and oversee the activities of the self-regulated organizations of the banking industry.
第三十一条 国务院银行业监督管理机构对银行业自律组织的活动进行指导和监督。
The self-regulated organizations of the banking industry shall submit their articles of association to the banking regulatory authority under the State Council for filing.
银行业自律组织的章程应当报国务院银行业监督管理机构备案。
Article 32 The banking regulatory authority under the State Council may engage in the international activities related to banking regulation and supervision.
第三十二条 国务院银行业监督管理机构可以开展与银行业监督管理有关的国际交流、合作活动。
Chapter IV Supervisory Methods and Procedures
第四章 监督管理措施
Article 33 The banking regulatory authority shall, for the purpose of performing its responsibilities, have the authority to require banking institutions to submit, in accordance with applicable regulations, balance sheets, income statements, other financial and statistical reports, information concerning business operations and management, and the audit reports prepared by certified public accountants.
第三十三条 银行业监督管理机构根据履行职责的需要，有权要求银行业金融机构按照规定报送资产负债表、利润表和其他财务会计、统计报表、经营管理资料以及注册会计师出具的审计报告。
Article 34 The banking regulatory authority may take the following measures to conduct on-site examination for the purpose of exercising prudential supervision:
第三十四条 银行业监督管理机构根据审慎监管的要求，可以采取下列措施进行现场检查：
(1)to enter a banking institution for on-site examination;
（一）进入银行业金融机构进行检查；
(2)to interview the staff of the banking institution and require them to provide explanations on examined matters;
（二）询问银行业金融机构的工作人员，要求其对有关检查事项作出说明；
(3)to have full access to and make copies of the banking institution’s documents and materials related to the on-site examination, and to seal up documents and materials that are likely to be removed, concealed or destroyed; and
（三）查阅、复制银行业金融机构与检查事项有关的文件、资料，对可能被转移、隐匿或者毁损的文件、资料予以封存；
(4)to examine the banking institution’s information technology infrastructure for business operations and management.
（四）检查银行业金融机构运用电子计算机管理业务数据的系统。
The on-site examination shall be subject to prior approval of the chief responsible office of the banking regulatory authority. The on-site examination team shall comprise no less than two examiners, who shall produce their examiner’ certificates and the examination notice upon examination. If the on-site examination team comprises less than two examiners, or the examiners fail to produce their examiner’ certificates or the examination notice upon examination, the banking institutions shall have the right to refuse the examination.
进行现场检查，应当经银行业监督管理机构负责人批准。现场检查时，检查人员不得少于二人，并应当出示合法证件和检查通知书；检查人员少于二人或者未出示合法证件和检查通知书的，银行业金融机构有权拒绝检查。
Article 35 The banking regulatory authority may, for the purpose of performing its responsibilities, hold supervisory consultations with the directors and senior managers of a banking institution to inquire about the major activities concerning its business operations and risk management.
第三十五条 银行业监督管理机构根据履行职责的需要，可以与银行业金融机构董事、高级管理人员进行监督管理谈话，要求银行业金融机构董事、高级管理人员就银行业金融机构的业务活动和风险管理的重大事项作出说明。
Article 36 The banking regulatory authority shall require banking institutions to disclose, in accordance with applicable regulations, to the public reliable information, including, among others, financial reports and statements, risk management policies and procedures, changes in the directors and senior managers and information on other significant matters.
第三十六条 银行业监督管理机构应当责令银行业金融机构按照规定，如实向社会公众披露财务会计报告、风险管理状况、董事和高级管理人员变更以及其他重大事项等信息。
Article 37 When a banking institution fails to meet prudential rules and regulations, the banking regulatory authority under the State Council or its provincial office shall require it to take remedial measures within a prescribed period of time. If the banking institution fails to correct the deficiencies within the prescribed period of time, or the safety and soundness of the banking institution is likely to be severely threatened and the interests of its depositors and other customers are likely to be jeopardized, the banking regulatory authority under the State Council or its provincial office may, subject to the approval of its chief responsible officer, take the following measures depending on the severity of the circumstances:
第三十七条 银行业金融机构违反审慎经营规则的，国务院银行业监督管理机构或者其省一级派出机构应当责令限期改正；逾期未改正的，或者其行为严重危及该银行业金融机构的稳健运行、损害存款人和其他客户合法权益的，经国务院银行业监督管理机构或者其省一级派出机构负责人批准，可以区别情形，采取下列措施：
(1)to suspend part of the businesses of the banking institution and/or withhold approval of new products or services;
（一）责令暂停部分业务、停止批准开办新业务；
(2)to restrict dividend or other payments to shareholders;
（二）限制分配红利和其他收入；
(3)to restrict asset transfers;
（三）限制资产转让；
(4)to order the controlling shareholders to transfer shares or restrict the powers of relevant shareholders;
（四）责令控股股东转让股权或者限制有关股东的权利；
(5)to order the banking institution to replace the directors and/or senior managers or restrict their powers; and
（五）责令调整董事、高级管理人员或者限制其权利；
(6)to withhold approval of branching.
（六）停止批准增设分支机构。
The banking institution shall report to the banking regulatory authority under the State Council or its provincial office once it is restored to meet the prudential rules and regulations after taking corrective measures. The banking regulatory authority under the State Council or its provincial office shall terminate the measures prescribed in the preceding paragraph within three days after the verification of compliance.
银行业金融机构整改后，应当向国务院银行业监督管理机构或者其省一级派出机构提交报告。国务院银行业监督管理机构或者其省一级派出机构经验收，符合有关审慎经营规则的，应当自验收完毕之日起三日内解除对其采取的前款规定的有关措施。
Article 38 When a banking institution is experiencing or likely to experience a credit crisis, thereby seriously jeopardizing the interests of depositors and other customers, the banking regulatory authority under the State Council may take over the banking institution or facilitate a restructuring. The take-over or restructuring shall be carried out in accordance with applicable laws and administrative regulations.
第三十八条 银行业金融机构已经或者可能发生信用危机，严重影响存款人和其他客户合法权益的，国务院银行业监督管理机构可以依法对该银行业金融机构实行接管或者促成机构重组，接管和机构重组依照有关法律和国务院的规定执行。
Article 39 When a banking institution has been found serious violation of laws and regulations, or significant unsafe or unsound practices, thereby seriously threatening financial order and public interests unless it is closed, the banking regulatory authority under the State Council shall have the authority to close the institution in accordance with applicable laws and regulations.
第三十九条 银行业金融机构有违法经营、经营管理不善等情形，不予撤销将严重危害金融秩序、损害公众利益的，国务院银行业监督管理机构有权予以撤销。
Article 40 In the case of the take-over, restructuring, or closure of a banking institution, the banking regulatory authority under the State Council shall have the authority to require the directors, senior managers and other staff of the banking institution to perform their duties according to the requirements of the banking regulatory authority under the State Council.
第四十条 银行业金融机构被接管、重组或者被撤销的，国务院银行业监督管理机构有权要求该银行业金融机构的董事、高级管理人员和其他工作人员，按照国务院银行业监督管理机构的要求履行职责。
In the course of the take-over, restructuring or liquidation after the closure of a banking institution, the banking regulatory authority under the State Council shall have the authority, subject to the approval of its chief responsible person, to take the following measures against the directors and senior managers directly in charge and other staff directly held responsible:
在接管、机构重组或者撤销清算期间，经国务院银行业监督管理机构负责人批准，对直接负责的董事、高级管理人员和其他直接责任人员，可以采取下列措施：
(1)when the departure from the People’s Republic of China of the directors and senior managers directly in charge and other staff directly held responsible is likely to jeopardize the national interests, the banking regulatory authority under the State Council may request the border control authority to prevent them from leaving the People’s Republic of China; and
（一）直接负责的董事、高级管理人员和其他直接责任人员出境将对国家利益造成重大损失的，通知出境管理机关依法阻止其出境；
(2)to request the judicial authority to prohibit the directors and senior managers directly in charge and other staff directly held responsible from moving or transferring their properties, or establishing other rights on their properties.
（二）申请司法机关禁止其转移、转让财产或者对其财产设定其他权利。
Article 41 The banking regulatory authority or its provincial office shall have the authority, subject to the approval of its chief responsible person, to inspect the bank accounts of the banking institution suspected in violation of laws and regulations, and the bank accounts of its staff and connected parties, and may, subject to the approval of its chief responsible person, request the judicial authority to freeze the illegally obtained funds that are suspected to be transferred or concealed.
第四十一条 经国务院银行业监督管理机构或者其省一级派出机构负责人批准，银行业监督管理机构有权查询涉嫌金融违法的银行业金融机构及其工作人员以及关联行为人的账户；对涉嫌转移或者隐匿违法资金的，经银行业监督管理机构负责人批准，可以申请司法机关予以冻结。
Article 42 The banking regulatory authority may, subject to approval by the head of the banking regulatory authority at or above the level of municipality, take the following measures to investigate the institutions and individuals suspected of violating the law during its inspection on banking institutions:
第四十二条 银行业监督管理机构依法对银行业金融机构进行检查时，经设区的市一级以上银行业监督管理机构负责人批准，可以对与涉嫌违法事项有关的单位和个人采取下列措施：
(1)to interview relevant institutions and individuals and require them to provide explanations on relevant matters;
（一）询问有关单位或者个人，要求其对有关情况作出说明；
(2)to check and make copies of the documents and materials related to financial records or property ownership records; and
（二）查阅、复制有关财务会计、财产权登记等文件、资料；
(3)to record and keep a file of the documents and materials that are likely to be removed, concealed, destroyed or falsified.
（三）对可能被转移、隐匿、毁损或者伪造的文件、资料，予以先行登记保存。
Where the measures prescribed in the preceding paragraphs are being taken, there shall be no less than two investigators, who shall present their legal certificates and the written notification of investigation. Where there are less than two investigators, or no legal certificates and written notification of investigation are presented, the relevant institutions or individuals shall have the right to refuse the investigation. Where the measures are taken according to law, the relevant institutions or individuals shall be cooperative, truthfully disclose the required information and provide relevant documents and materials, and shall not refuse or hamper the investigation or conceal the information.
银行业监督管理机构采取前款规定措施，调查人员不得少于二人，并应当出示合法证件和调查通知书；调查人员少于二人或者未出示合法证件和调查通知书的，有关单位或者个人有权拒绝。对依法采取的措施，有关单位和个人应当配合，如实说明有关情况并提供有关文件、资料，不得拒绝、阻碍和隐瞒。
Chapter V Legal Liability
第五章 法律责任
Article 43 When the supervisory staff of the banking regulatory authority commits any of the following acts, he or she shall be subject to administrative sanctions according to law. If the case constitutes a crime, he or she shall be investigated for criminal liability according to law:
第四十三条 银行业监督管理机构从事监督管理工作的人员有下列情形之一的，依法给予行政处分；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任：
(1)to authorize, in violation of regulations, a banking institution’s establishment, changes, termination, business scope or offering of products or services within its business scope;
（一）违反规定审查批准银行业金融机构的设立、变更、终止，以及业务范围和业务范围内的业务品种的；
(2)to conduct on-site examination of banking institutions in violation of regulations;
（二）违反规定对银行业金融机构进行现场检查的；
(3)to fail to report emergency situations in the banking sector in accordance with Article 28 of this law;
（三）未依照本法第二十八条规定报告突发事件的；
(4)to inspect bank accounts or request freezing of funds in violation of regulations;
（四）违反规定查询账户或者申请冻结资金的；
(5)to take enforcement actions against a banking institution in violation of regulations;
（五）违反规定对银行业金融机构采取措施或者处罚的；
(6)to investigate the relevant institutions or individuals against Article 42 of this Law; and
（六）违反本法第四十二条规定对有关单位或者个人进行调查的；
(7)other acts such as abuse of power and/or neglect of duties.
（七）滥用职权、玩忽职守的其他行为。
The supervisory staff of the banking regulatory authority who commits embezzlement, bribery or divulgence of national, commercial or personal confidential information shall, if the case constitutes a crime, be investigated for criminal liability according to law, and if the case does not constitute a crime, be subject to administrative sanctions according to law.
银行业监督管理机构从事监督管理工作的人员贪污受贿，泄露国家秘密、商业秘密和个人隐私，构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任；尚不构成犯罪的，依法给予行政处分。
Article 44 When a banking institution is established, or banking businesses are conducted without the authorization of the banking regulatory authority under the State Council, the banking regulatory authority under the State Council shall have the authority to ban such institution or businesses. If the case constitutes a crime, criminal liability shall be pursued according to law. If the case does not constitute a crime, the banking regulatory authority under the State Council shall confiscate the illegal gains. If the amount of illegal gains exceeds 500,000 yuan, a fine ranging from one to five times the amount of illegal gains shall be imposed. If no illegal gains are involved or the amount of illegal gains is less than 500,000 yuan, a fine ranging from 500,000 yuan to 2,000,000 yuan shall be imposed.
第四十四条 擅自设立银行业金融机构或者非法从事银行业金融机构的业务活动的，由国务院银行业监督管理机构予以取缔；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任；尚不构成犯罪的，由国务院银行业监督管理机构没收违法所得，违法所得五十万元以上的，并处违法所得一倍以上五倍以下罚款；没有违法所得或者违法所得不足五十万元的，处五十万元以上二百万元以下罚款。
Article 45 When a banking institution commits any of the following acts, the banking regulatory authority under the State Council shall order it to take corrective measures, and, if illegal gains are involved, shall confiscate the illegal gains. If the amount of illegal gains exceeds 500,000 yuan, a fine ranging from one to five times the amount of illegal gains shall be imposed. If no illegal gains are involved, or the amount of illegal gains is less than 500,000 yuan, a fine ranging from 500,000 yuan to 2,000,000 yuan shall be imposed. If the case is particularly serious, or the banking institution fails to make correction within the prescribed period of time, the banking regulatory authority under the State Council may order suspension of business for rectification or revocation of its banking license. If the case constitutes a crime, criminal liability shall be pursued according to law:
第四十五条 银行业金融机构有下列情形之一，由国务院银行业监督管理机构责令改正，有违法所得的，没收违法所得，违法所得五十万元以上的，并处违法所得一倍以上五倍以下罚款；没有违法所得或者违法所得不足五十万元的，处五十万元以上二百万元以下罚款；情节特别严重或者逾期不改正的，可以责令停业整顿或者吊销其经营许可证；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任：
(1)to establish a branch without authorization;
（一）未经批准设立分支机构的；
(2)to change or terminate business operations without authorization;
（二）未经批准变更、终止的；
(3)to offer a product or service without approval or filing with the banking regulatory authority under the State Council; and
（三）违反规定从事未经批准或者未备案的业务活动的；
(4)to raise or lower interest rates on deposits or loans in violation of regulations.
（四）违反规定提高或者降低存款利率、贷款利率的。
Article 46 When a banking institution commits any of the following acts, the banking regulatory authority under the State Council shall order it to take corrective measures, and concurrently impose a fine ranging from 200,000 yuan to 500,000 yuan. If the case is particularly serious, or the banking institution fails to make correction within the prescribed period of time, the banking regulatory authority under the State Council may order suspension of business for rectification or revocation of its banking license. If the case constitutes a crime, criminal liability shall be pursued according to law:
第四十六条 银行业金融机构有下列情形之一，由国务院银行业监督管理机构责令改正，并处二十万元以上五十万元以下罚款；情节特别严重或者逾期不改正的，可以责令停业整顿或者吊销其经营许可证；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任：
(1)to appoint directors or senior managers without the fit and proper test;
（一）未经任职资格审查任命董事、高级管理人员的；
(2)to refuse or obstruct the off-site surveillance or on-site examination;
（二）拒绝或者阻碍非现场监管或者现场检查的；
(3)to submit statements, reports, documents or materials that are false or conceal important facts;
（三）提供虚假的或者隐瞒重要事实的报表、报告等文件、资料的；
(4)to fail to disclose information to the public in accordance with regulations;
（四）未按照规定进行信息披露的；
(5)to fail to meet prudential rules and regulations with serious consequences; and
（五）严重违反审慎经营规则的；
(6)to refuse to take measures as required by Article 37 of this law.
（六）拒绝执行本法第三十七条规定的措施的。
Article 47 When a banking institution fails to submit statements, reports, documents or materials in accordance with regulations, the banking regulatory authority under the State Council shall order it to take corrective measures. If the banking institution fails to make correction within the prescribed period of time, the banking regulatory authority may impose a fine ranging from 100,000 yuan to 300,000 yuan.
第四十七条 银行业金融机构不按照规定提供报表、报告等文件、资料的，由银行业监督管理机构责令改正，逾期不改正的，处十万元以上三十万元以下罚款。
Article 48 When a banking institution violates laws, administrative regulations or other national regulations on banking regulation and supervision, the banking regulatory authority may, in addition to the enforcement actions prescribed in Article 43 to Article 46 of this law, take the following measures depending on the severity of the circumstance:
第四十八条 银行业金融机构违反法律、行政法规以及国家有关银行业监督管理规定的，银行业监督管理机构除依照本法第四十四条至第四十七条规定处罚外，还可以区别不同情形，采取下列措施：
(1)to order the banking institution to impose disciplinary sanctions on the directors and senior mangers directly in charge and other staff directly held responsible;
（一）责令银行业金融机构对直接负责的董事、高级管理人员和其他直接责任人员给予纪律处分；
(2)if the case does not constitute a crime, to issue a disciplinary warning to the directors and senior managers directly in charge and other staff directly held responsible and concurrently impose on them a fine ranging from 50,000 yuan to 500,000 yuan; and
（二）银行业金融机构的行为尚不构成犯罪的，对直接负责的董事、高级管理人员和其他直接责任人员给予警告，处五万元以上五十万元以下罚款；
(3) to disqualify the directors and senior mangers directly in charge as being unfit and improper for a specified period of time or for life, and/or to bar the directors and senior mangers directly in charge and other staff directly held responsible from banking for a specified period of time or for life.
（三）取消直接负责的董事、高级管理人员一定期限直至终身的任职资格，禁止直接负责的董事、高级管理人员和其他直接责任人员一定期限直至终身从事银行业工作。
Article 49 Anyone who hampers the lawful inspection or investigation conducted by the staff members of the banking regulatory authority shall be subject to penalties by the public security authority; and if his or her behavior constitutes a crime, he or she shall be investigated for criminal liability according to law.
第四十九条 阻碍银行业监督管理机构工作人员依法执行检查、调查职务的，由公安机关依法给予治安管理处罚；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。
Chapter VI Supplementary Provisions
第六章 附则
Article 50 Where the laws and administrative regulations provide otherwise the regulation and supervision of policy banks and asset management companies, these provisions shall prevail.
第五十条 对在中华人民共和国境内设立的政策性银行、金融资产管理公司的监督管理，法律、行政法规另有规定的，依照其规定。
Article 51 Where the laws and administrative regulations provide otherwise the regulation and supervision of the wholly foreign-funded banking institutions, Sino-foreign joint venture banking institutions and branches of foreign banking institutions that are established in the People’s Republic of China, these provisions shall prevail.
第五十一条 对在中华人民共和国境内设立的外资银行业金融机构、中外合资银行业金融机构、外国银行业金融机构的分支机构的监督管理，法律、行政法规另有规定的，依照其规定。
Article 52 This law shall enter into effect as of February 1, 2004.
第五十二条 本法自2004年2月1日起施行。