Civil Code of the People’s Republic of China
中华人民共和国民法典
(Adopted at the Third Session of the Thirteenth National People’s Congress on May 28, 2020)
（2020年5月28日第十三届全国人民代表大会第三次会议通过）
Book Five Marriage and Family
第五编 婚姻家庭
Chapter I General Rules
第一章 一般规定
Article 1040 This Book regulates the civil-law relations arising from marriage or family.
第一千零四十条 本编调整因婚姻家庭产生的民事关系。
Article 1041 Marriage and family are protected by the State.
第一千零四十一条 婚姻家庭受国家保护。
A marriage system based on freedom of marriage, monogamy, and equality between men and women is implemented.
实行婚姻自由、一夫一妻、男女平等的婚姻制度。
The lawful rights and interests of women, minors, the elderly, and persons with disabilities are protected.
保护妇女、未成年人、老年人、残疾人的合法权益。
Article 1042 Arranged marriages, mercenary marriages, and other acts interfering with the freedom of marriage are prohibited. The exaction of money or other property by way of marriage is prohibited.
第一千零四十二条 禁止包办、买卖婚姻和其他干涉婚姻自由的行为。禁止借婚姻索取财物。
Bigamy is prohibited. No one who has a spouse may cohabit with another person.
禁止重婚。禁止有配偶者与他人同居。
Domestic violence is prohibited. Maltreatment or desertion of family members is prohibited.
禁止家庭暴力。禁止家庭成员间的虐待和遗弃。
Article 1043 Families shall establish good family values, promote family virtues, and enhance family civility.
第一千零四十三条 家庭应当树立优良家风，弘扬家庭美德，重视家庭文明建设。
Husband and wife shall be loyal to each other, respect each other, and care for each other. Family members shall respect the elderly, take care of the young, help each other, and maintain a marital and familial relationship of equality, harmony, and civility.
夫妻应当互相忠实，互相尊重，互相关爱；家庭成员应当敬老爱幼，互相帮助，维护平等、和睦、文明的婚姻家庭关系。
Article 1044 Adoption shall be in compliance with the principle of acting in the best interest of the adoptee, and the lawful rights and interests of both the adoptee and the adopter shall be protected.
第一千零四十四条 收养应当遵循最有利于被收养人的原则，保障被收养人和收养人的合法权益。
Trafficking minors in the name of adoption is prohibited.
禁止借收养名义买卖未成年人。
Article 1045 Relatives include spouses, relatives by blood, and relatives by marriage.
第一千零四十五条 亲属包括配偶、血亲和姻亲。
Spouses, parents, children, siblings, paternal and maternal grandparents, and paternal and maternal grandchildren are close relatives.
配偶、父母、子女、兄弟姐妹、祖父母、外祖父母、孙子女、外孙子女为近亲属。
Spouses, parents, children, and other close relatives living together are family members.
配偶、父母、子女和其他共同生活的近亲属为家庭成员。
Chapter II Entering into Marriage
第二章 结 婚
Article 1046 A man and a woman shall enter into marriage freely and voluntarily. Neither party may compel the other party to enter into marriage against his will, and no organization or individual may interfere with the freedom of marriage.
第一千零四十六条 结婚应当男女双方完全自愿，禁止任何一方对另一方加以强迫，禁止任何组织或者个人加以干涉。
Article 1047 To enter into a marriage, a man shall reach the age of twenty-two, and a woman shall reach the age of twenty.
第一千零四十七条 结婚年龄，男不得早于二十二周岁，女不得早于二十周岁。
Article 1048 Persons who are lineal relatives by blood, or collateral relatives by blood up to the third degree of kinship are prohibited from being married.
第一千零四十八条 直系血亲或者三代以内的旁系血亲禁止结婚。
Article 1049 Both the man and the woman intending to enter into a marriage shall file registration of the marriage in person with a marriage registration authority. If the proposed marriage is found to conform to the provisions of this Code, the marriage shall be registered and a marriage certificate shall be issued. A marital relationship shall be established upon completion of the marriage registration. The couple who has failed to file a marriage registration shall complete the registration.
第一千零四十九条 要求结婚的男女双方应当亲自到婚姻登记机关申请结婚登记。符合本法规定的，予以登记，发给结婚证。完成结婚登记，即确立婚姻关系。未办理结婚登记的，应当补办登记。
Article 1050 After a marriage has been registered, by mutual consent, the woman may become a member of the man’s family or vice versa.
第一千零五十条 登记结婚后，按照男女双方约定，女方可以成为男方家庭的成员，男方可以成为女方家庭的成员。
Article 1051 A marriage is void in any of the following situations:
第一千零五十一条 有下列情形之一的，婚姻无效：
(1) the parties to the marriage fall within the relative relations prohibited by law from marrying each other; or
（一）重婚；
(2) the parties to the marriage fall within the relative relations prohibited by law from marrying each other; or
（二）有禁止结婚的亲属关系；
(3) either party to the marriage is under the statutory marriageable age.
（三）未到法定婚龄。
Article 1052 If a marriage is entered into as a result of coercion, the coerced party may apply to the people’s court to annul the marriage.
第一千零五十二条 因胁迫结婚的，受胁迫的一方可以向人民法院请求撤销婚姻。
Such an application to annul the marriage shall be made within one year from the date of the coercive act ceases.
请求撤销婚姻的，应当自胁迫行为终止之日起一年内提出。
Where the coerced party whose personal freedom is illegally constrained wishes to annul the marriage, the application to annul the marriage shall be made within one year from the date when the party’s personal freedom is restored.
被非法限制人身自由的当事人请求撤销婚姻的，应当自恢复人身自由之日起一年内提出。
Article 1053 If one of the parties suffers from a serious disease, he shall truthfully inform the other party of such disease prior to marriage registration; where such information is not truthfully provided, the other party may apply to the people’s court to annul the marriage.
第一千零五十三条 一方患有重大疾病的，应当在结婚登记前如实告知另一方；不如实告知的，另一方可以向人民法院请求撤销婚姻。
The application to annul a marriage shall be made within one year from the date when the party knows or should have known of the cause for the annulment.
请求撤销婚姻的，应当自知道或者应当知道撤销事由之日起一年内提出。
Article 1054 A void or annulled marriage has no legal effect ab initio, and neither party to such a marriage shall have any rights or duties arising from the marital relationship. Properties acquired during the cohabitation period shall be disposed of by mutual agreement. Where the parties fail to reach such an agreement, the people’s court shall adjudicate the case in compliance with the principle of favoring the no-fault party. When disposing of the property acquired during a marriage which has been voided due to bigamy, the proprietary rights and interests of the parties to the lawful marriage shall not be infringed upon. The provisions of this Code on parents and children shall apply to the children born by the parties to a void or annulled marriage.
第一千零五十四条 无效的或者被撤销的婚姻自始没有法律约束力，当事人不具有夫妻的权利和义务。同居期间所得的财产，由当事人协议处理；协议不成的，由人民法院根据照顾无过错方的原则判决。对重婚导致的无效婚姻的财产处理，不得侵害合法婚姻当事人的财产权益。当事人所生的子女，适用本法关于父母子女的规定。
Where a marriage is void or annulled, the no-fault party has the right to request for damages.
婚姻无效或者被撤销的，无过错方有权请求损害赔偿。
Chapter III Domestic Relations
第三章 家庭关系
Section 1 Spousal relationship
第一节 夫妻关系
Article 1055 Husband and wife are equal in marriage and family.
第一千零五十五条 夫妻在婚姻家庭中地位平等。
Article 1056 Both spouses have the right to use their own surname and given name.
第一千零五十六条 夫妻双方都有各自使用自己姓名的权利。
Article 1057 Both spouses are free to engage in production and other work, and to study and to participate in social activities. Neither party may restrain or interfere with such freedom of the other party.
第一千零五十七条 夫妻双方都有参加生产、工作、学习和社会活动的自由，一方不得对另一方加以限制或者干涉。
Article 1058 Both spouses have equal rights and joint duties to raise, educate, and protect their minor children.
第一千零五十八条 夫妻双方平等享有对未成年子女抚养、教育和保护的权利，共同承担对未成年子女抚养、教育和保护的义务。
Article 1059 Both spouses have the duty to support each other.
第一千零五十九条 夫妻有相互扶养的义务。
The party in need of spousal support is entitled to claim such payments against the other party who has failed to fulfill the spousal support duty.
需要扶养的一方，在另一方不履行扶养义务时，有要求其给付扶养费的权利。
Article 1060 A civil juristic act performed by one of the spouses to meet the daily needs of the family is binding on both spouses unless otherwise agreed between the third person and the spouse performing the act.
第一千零六十条 夫妻一方因家庭日常生活需要而实施的民事法律行为，对夫妻双方发生效力，但是夫妻一方与相对人另有约定的除外。
Restrictions imposed by the spouses on the scope of civil juristic acts that may be performed by one of the spouses may not be asserted against a bona fide third person.
夫妻之间对一方可以实施的民事法律行为范围的限制，不得对抗善意相对人。
Article 1061 Husband and wife have the right to inherit the estates of each other.
第一千零六十一条 夫妻有相互继承遗产的权利。
Article 1062 The following property acquired by the spouses during their marriage constitutes community property and are jointly owned by the spouses:
第一千零六十二条 夫妻在婚姻关系存续期间所得的下列财产，为夫妻的共同财产，归夫妻共同所有：
(1) salaries and wages as well as bonuses and other remuneration received from services rendered;
（一）工资、奖金、劳务报酬；
(2) proceeds obtained from production, business operation, and investment;
（二）生产、经营、投资的收益；
(3) proceeds arising from intellectual property rights;
（三）知识产权的收益；
(4) except as otherwise provided in Subparagraph (3) of Article 1063 of this Code, property acquired from inheritance or given as a gift; and
（四）继承或者受赠的财产，但是本法第一千零六十三条第三项规定的除外；
(5) other property that shall be jointly owned by the spouses.
（五）其他应当归共同所有的财产。
Husband and wife have equal rights when disposing of the community property.
夫妻对共同财产，有平等的处理权。
Article 1063 The following property constitutes separate property of one of the spouses:
第一千零六十三条 下列财产为夫妻一方的个人财产：
(1) premarital property of one spouse;
（一）一方的婚前财产；
(2) compensation or indemnification received by one spouse for injury inflicted upon him;
（二）一方因受到人身损害获得的赔偿或者补偿；
(3) property that belongs to only one spouse as provided in a will or gift contract;
（三）遗嘱或者赠与合同中确定只归一方的财产；
(4) articles exclusively used by one spouse for daily life; and
（四）一方专用的生活用品；
(5) other property that shall be owned by one spouse.
（五）其他应当归一方的财产。
Article 1064 Debts incurred according to the common expression of intent of both spouses, such as a debt jointly signed by both spouses and a debt signed by one spouse and subsequently ratified by the other spouse, and debts incurred by one of the spouses in his own name during the marriage to meet the daily needs of the family, constitute community debts.
第一千零六十四条 夫妻双方共同签名或者夫妻一方事后追认等共同意思表示所负的债务，以及夫妻一方在婚姻关系存续期间以个人名义为家庭日常生活需要所负的债务，属于夫妻共同债务。
A debt incurred by one of the spouses in his own name during the marriage in excess of the daily needs of the family is not a community debt, unless the creditor may prove that such debt is used for both spouses’ daily life or for joint production and operation of the spouses, or such debt incurs according to the common expression of intent of both spouses.
夫妻一方在婚姻关系存续期间以个人名义超出家庭日常生活需要所负的债务，不属于夫妻共同债务；但是，债权人能够证明该债务用于夫妻共同生活、共同生产经营或者基于夫妻双方共同意思表示的除外。
Article 1065 A man and a woman may agree that their premarital property and the property to be acquired by them during their marriage may be owned by them separately or jointly, or partially owned separately and partially owned jointly. The agreement shall be in writing. Where there is no agreement or the agreement is unclear, Articles 1062 and 1063 of this Code shall apply.
第一千零六十五条 男女双方可以约定婚姻关系存续期间所得的财产以及婚前财产归各自所有、共同所有或者部分各自所有、部分共同所有。约定应当采用书面形式。没有约定或者约定不明确的，适用本法第一千零六十二条、第一千零六十三条的规定。
The agreement on their premarital property and the property acquired during the marriage is legally binding on both parties to the marriage.
夫妻对婚姻关系存续期间所得的财产以及婚前财产的约定，对双方具有法律约束力。
Where the spouses agree that the property acquired during the marriage is to be owned separately, a debt incurred by one of the spouses shall be paid off with his separate property to the extent that the third person concerned is aware of such an agreement.
夫妻对婚姻关系存续期间所得的财产约定归各自所有，夫或者妻一方对外所负的债务，相对人知道该约定的，以夫或者妻一方的个人财产清偿。
Article 1066 During the marriage, one of the spouses may apply to the people’s court for partition of their community property in one of the following situations:
第一千零六十六条 婚姻关系存续期间，有下列情形之一的，夫妻一方可以向人民法院请求分割共同财产：
(1) the other spouse has concealed, transferred, sold, destructed or damaged, or squandered the community property, created a false community debt, or committed other acts that seriously infringe upon the interests of the community property; or
（一）一方有隐藏、转移、变卖、毁损、挥霍夫妻共同财产或者伪造夫妻共同债务等严重损害夫妻共同财产利益的行为；
(2) a person, whom one of the spouses has a statutory obligation to support, is suffering from a serious disease and needs medical treatment, but the other spouse does not agree to pay the relevant medical expenses.
（二）一方负有法定扶养义务的人患重大疾病需要医治，另一方不同意支付相关医疗费用。
Section 2 Relationship between Parents and Children, and Relationship among Other Close Relatives
第二节 父母子女关系和其他近亲属关系
Article 1067 Where parents fail to fulfill their duty to raise their children, a minor child or an adult child who is incapable of supporting himself has the right to claim child support payments against his parents.
第一千零六十七条 父母不履行抚养义务的，未成年子女或者不能独立生活的成年子女，有要求父母给付抚养费的权利。
Where an adult child fails to fulfill the duty to support his parents, his parents who lack the capacity to work or are in financial hardship have the right to claim support payments against the adult child.
成年子女不履行赡养义务的，缺乏劳动能力或者生活困难的父母，有要求成年子女给付赡养费的权利。
Article 1068 Parents have the right and duty to educate and protect their minor children. Where a minor causes damage to others, his parents shall bear civil liability in accordance with law.
第一千零六十八条 父母有教育、保护未成年子女的权利和义务。未成年子女造成他人损害的，父母应当依法承担民事责任。
Article 1069 Children shall respect their parents’ right to marriage and shall not interfere with their parents' divorce, remarriage, or their marital life thereafter. Children's duty to support their parents shall not end with the change of their parents' marital relationship.
第一千零六十九条 子女应当尊重父母的婚姻权利，不得干涉父母离婚、再婚以及婚后的生活。子女对父母的赡养义务，不因父母的婚姻关系变化而终止。
Article 1070 Parents have the right to inherit their children’s estates, and vice versa.
第一千零七十条 父母和子女有相互继承遗产的权利。
Article 1071 Children born out of wedlock have equal rights as children born in wedlock, and no organization or individual may harm or discriminate against them.
第一千零七十一条 非婚生子女享有与婚生子女同等的权利，任何组织或者个人不得加以危害和歧视。
A natural parent who does not have physical custody of his out-of-wedlock child shall pay child support for such child who is a minor or who is an adult but incapable of supporting himself.
不直接抚养非婚生子女的生父或者生母，应当负担未成年子女或者不能独立生活的成年子女的抚养费。
Article 1072 Stepparents shall not maltreat or discriminate against a stepchild, and vice-versa.
第一千零七十二条 继父母与继子女间，不得虐待或者歧视。
Provisions of this Code governing the parents-children relationship shall apply to the rights and duties between a stepmother or a stepfather and a stepchild who has been raised and educated by such stepfather or stepmother.
继父或者继母和受其抚养教育的继子女间的权利义务关系，适用本法关于父母子女关系的规定。
Article 1073 Where a parent challenges maternity or paternity with just cause, the parent may file a lawsuit with the people's court for affirmation or denial of such maternity or paternity.
第一千零七十三条 对亲子关系有异议且有正当理由的，父或者母可以向人民法院提起诉讼，请求确认或者否认亲子关系。
Where an adult child challenges maternity or paternity with just cause, he may file a lawsuit with the people’s court for affirmation of such maternity or paternity.
对亲子关系有异议且有正当理由的，成年子女可以向人民法院提起诉讼，请求确认亲子关系。
Article 1074 Paternal or maternal grandparents, if financially capable, have the duty to raise their minor grandchildren whose parents are deceased or are incapable of such raising.
第一千零七十四条 有负担能力的祖父母、外祖父母，对于父母已经死亡或者父母无力抚养的未成年孙子女、外孙子女，有抚养的义务。
Paternal or maternal grandchildren, if financially capable, have the duty to support their grandparents whose children are deceased or are incapable of providing such support.
有负担能力的孙子女、外孙子女，对于子女已经死亡或者子女无力赡养的祖父母、外祖父母，有赡养的义务。
Article 1075 Elder brothers or sisters, if financially capable, have the duty to raise their minor siblings whose parents are deceased or are incapable of such raising.
第一千零七十五条 有负担能力的兄、姐，对于父母已经死亡或者父母无力抚养的未成年弟、妹，有扶养的义务。
Younger brothers or sisters who have been brought up by their elder siblings and who are financially capable have the duty to support such elder siblings who lack both the capacity to work and the means to support themselves.
由兄、姐扶养长大的有负担能力的弟、妹，对于缺乏劳动能力又缺乏生活来源的兄、姐，有扶养的义务。
Chapter IV Divorce
第四章 离 婚
Article 1076 Where the husband and the wife both agree to divorce, they shall enter into a divorce agreement in writing and file divorce registration in person with the marriage registration authority.
第一千零七十六条 夫妻双方自愿离婚的，应当签订书面离婚协议，并亲自到婚姻登记机关申请离婚登记。
The divorce agreement shall include expression of intent of both parties to voluntarily divorce and their mutual agreement on such matters as child support, property division, and allocation of debts.
离婚协议应当载明双方自愿离婚的意思表示和对子女抚养、财产以及债务处理等事项协商一致的意见。
Article 1077 Where either party is unwilling to divorce, he may withdraw the divorce registration application within thirty days after such an application is received by the marriage registration authority.
第一千零七十七条 自婚姻登记机关收到离婚登记申请之日起三十日内，任何一方不愿意离婚的，可以向婚姻登记机关撤回离婚登记申请。
Within thirty days after expiration of the period provided in the preceding paragraph, both parties shall personally visit the marriage registration authority to apply for issuance of a divorce certificate, and failing to do so will cause the divorce registration application to be deemed as withdrawn.
前款规定期限届满后三十日内，双方应当亲自到婚姻登记机关申请发给离婚证；未申请的，视为撤回离婚登记申请。
Article 1078 Upon ascertaining that the divorce is voluntarily intended and that the two parties have reached agreement on such matters as child support, property division, and allocation of debts, the marriage registration authority shall register the divorce and issue a divorce certificate.
第一千零七十八条 婚姻登记机关查明双方确实是自愿离婚，并已经对子女抚养、财产以及债务处理等事项协商一致的，予以登记，发给离婚证。
Article 1079 Where the husband or the wife unilaterally petitions for divorce, a relevant organization may offer mediation, or such person may file for divorce directly with the people’s court.
第一千零七十九条 夫妻一方要求离婚的，可以由有关组织进行调解或者直接向人民法院提起离婚诉讼。
The people’s court shall, during the divorce trial, offer mediation, and grant divorce if mutual affection no longer exists between the two parties and mediation fails.
人民法院审理离婚案件，应当进行调解；如果感情确已破裂，调解无效的，应当准予离婚。
A divorce shall be granted when mediation fails under any of the following circumstances:
有下列情形之一，调解无效的，应当准予离婚：
(1) one spouse commits bigamy or cohabitates with another person; or
（一）重婚或者与他人同居；
(2) one spouse commits domestic violence or maltreats or deserts a family member;
（二）实施家庭暴力或者虐待、遗弃家庭成员；
(3) one spouse habitually commits acts such as gambling, drug abuse, or likewise, and refuses to correct such behavior despite of repeated warnings;
（三）有赌博、吸毒等恶习屡教不改；
(4) the spouses have been separated for no less than two full years due to marital discord; or
（四）因感情不和分居满二年；
(5) other circumstances exist under which mutual affection no longer exists between the spouses.
（五）其他导致夫妻感情破裂的情形。
Where one spouse is declared to be missing and the other party files for divorce, such divorce shall be granted.
一方被宣告失踪，另一方提起离婚诉讼的，应当准予离婚。
Where, after a judgment has been made against divorce and the spouses have been separated for one more year, such divorce shall be granted where one of the spouses files again for divorce with the people’s court.
经人民法院判决不准离婚后，双方又分居满一年，一方再次提起离婚诉讼的，应当准予离婚。
Article 1080 A marital relationship is dissolved upon completion of registration of divorce or when a judgment of divorce or mediation paper of divorce comes into effect.
第一千零八十条 完成离婚登记，或者离婚判决书、调解书生效，即解除婚姻关系。
Article 1081 Where the spouse of a military personnel on active service requests for divorce, the consent of the spouse who is a military personnel on active service shall be obtained unless he is at serious fault.
第一千零八十一条 现役军人的配偶要求离婚，应当征得军人同意，但是军人一方有重大过错的除外。
Article 1082 A husband may not file for divorce during his wife’s pregnancy, within one year after his wife delivers, or within six months after termination of her pregnancy, unless the wife applies for divorce, or the people’s court deems it necessary to hear the divorce request made by the husband.
第一千零八十二条 女方在怀孕期间、分娩后一年内或者终止妊娠后六个月内，男方不得提出离婚；但是，女方提出离婚或者人民法院认为确有必要受理男方离婚请求的除外。
Article 1083 Where, after divorce, both the man and the woman intend to resume their marital relationship, they shall file for re-registration of marriage at a marriage registration authority.
第一千零八十三条 离婚后，男女双方自愿恢复婚姻关系的，应当到婚姻登记机关重新进行结婚登记。
Article 1084 The parents-children relationship shall not be dissolved upon divorce of the parents. Whether a child is under the physical custody of the father or the mother, he remains to be the child of both parents.
第一千零八十四条 父母与子女间的关系，不因父母离婚而消除。离婚后，子女无论由父或者母直接抚养，仍是父母双方的子女。
After divorce, parents continue to have the rights and duties to raise, educate, and protect their children.
离婚后，父母对于子女仍有抚养、教育、保护的权利和义务。
As a matter of principle, a mother shall, upon divorce, have physical custody of her child under the age of two. Where parents fail to reach an agreement on the physical custody of their child over the age of two, the people’s court shall adjudicate it in compliance with the principle of acting in the best interests of the minor child and in light of the actual situations of both parents.
离婚后，不满两周岁的子女，以由母亲直接抚养为原则。已满两周岁的子女，父母双方对抚养问题协议不成的，由人民法院根据双方的具体情况，按照最有利于未成年子女的原则判决。子女已满八周岁的，应当尊重其真实意愿。
Article 1085 Upon divorce, where a parent has the physical custody of his child, the other parent shall pay for the child support in part or in whole. The amount and duration of such payment shall be determined by both parents through agreement, or, where no such an agreement is reached, adjudicated by the people’s court through making a judgment.
第一千零八十五条 离婚后，子女由一方直接抚养的，另一方应当负担部分或者全部抚养费。负担费用的多少和期限的长短，由双方协议；协议不成的，由人民法院判决。
The agreement or judgment provided in the preceding paragraph shall not preclude the child, when necessary, from making reasonable demand of payment on either parent in excess of the amount specified in the agreement or judgment.
前款规定的协议或者判决，不妨碍子女在必要时向父母任何一方提出超过协议或者判决原定数额的合理要求。
Article 1086 After divorce, a parent who does not have the physical custody of his child has the right to visit the child, and the other parent is obligated to facilitate the visit.
第一千零八十六条 离婚后，不直接抚养子女的父或者母，有探望子女的权利，另一方有协助的义务。
The manner and schedule for exercising the right to visitation shall be determined by both parents through agreement, or, where no such an agreement is reached, adjudicated by the people’s court.
行使探望权利的方式、时间由当事人协议；协议不成的，由人民法院判决。
If a parent's visit to a child is detrimental to the child's physical or mental health, the visit shall be suspended by the people’s court in accordance with law, and the visit shall be resumed when the cause for such suspension no longer exists.
父或者母探望子女，不利于子女身心健康的，由人民法院依法中止探望；中止的事由消失后，应当恢复探望。
Article 1087 Upon divorce, the community property of the spouses shall be partitioned by them through agreement, or, where no such an agreement is reached, adjudicated by the people's court in light of the actual state of the property and in compliance with the principle of favoring the rights and interests of their children, the wife, and the no-fault party.
第一千零八十七条 离婚时，夫妻的共同财产由双方协议处理；协议不成的，由人民法院根据财产的具体情况，按照照顾子女、女方和无过错方权益的原则判决。
The rights and interests of the husband or wife arising from the contractual management of land based on the household shall be protected in accordance with law.
对夫或者妻在家庭土地承包经营中享有的权益等，应当依法予以保护。
Article 1088 Where one spouse is burdened with additional duties for raising children, looking after the elderly, or assisting the other spouse in his work, the said spouse has the right to request for compensation upon divorce against the other party, and the other party shall make due compensation. The specific arrangements for making such compensation shall be determined by the spouses through agreement, or adjudicated by the people’s court where no such an agreement is reached.
第一千零八十八条 夫妻一方因抚育子女、照料老年人、协助另一方工作等负担较多义务的，离婚时有权向另一方请求补偿，另一方应当给予补偿。具体办法由双方协议；协议不成的，由人民法院判决。
Article 1089 Upon divorce, the husband and wife shall jointly pay off their community debts. Where the community property is insufficient to pay off the debts, or the property is owned by each spouse separately, such debts shall be paid off by the spouses through agreement, or adjudicated by the people’s court where no such an agreement is reached.
第一千零八十九条 离婚时，夫妻共同债务应当共同偿还。共同财产不足清偿或者财产归各自所有的，由双方协议清偿；协议不成的，由人民法院判决。
Article 1090 Where one party is in financial hardship upon divorce, the other party, if financially capable, shall render appropriate assistance. The specific arrangements shall be determined by the spouses through agreement, or adjudicated by the people’s court where no such an agreement is reached.
第一千零九十条 离婚时，如果一方生活困难，有负担能力的另一方应当给予适当帮助。具体办法由双方协议；协议不成的，由人民法院判决。
Article 1091 A no-fault spouse has the right to claim compensation where divorce is caused by one of the following acts done by the other spouse:
第一千零九十一条 有下列情形之一，导致离婚的，无过错方有权请求损害赔偿：
(1) has committed bigamy;
（一）重婚；
(2) has cohabitated with another person;
（二）与他人同居；
(3) has committed domestic violence;
（三）实施家庭暴力；
(4) has maltreated or deserted a family member; or
（四）虐待、遗弃家庭成员；
(5) has acted with other serious faults.
（五）有其他重大过错。
Article 1092 Where one spouse conceals, transfers, sells off, destructed or damages, or squanders the community property, or creates a false community debt in an attempt to unlawfully seize the property of the other spouse, the said spouse may receive less or no property upon partition of the community property in the case of divorce. Where one of the aforementioned acts committed by one spouse is found after divorce, the other party may file a lawsuit with the people's court for re-partition of the community property.
第一千零九十二条 夫妻一方隐藏、转移、变卖、毁损、挥霍夫妻共同财产，或者伪造夫妻共同债务企图侵占另一方财产的，在离婚分割夫妻共同财产时，对该方可以少分或者不分。离婚后，另一方发现有上述行为的，可以向人民法院提起诉讼，请求再次分割夫妻共同财产。
Chapter V Adoption
第五章 收 养
Section 1 Establishment of an Adoptive Relationship
第一节 收养关系的成立
Article 1093 The following minors may be adopted:
第一千零九十三条 下列未成年人，可以被收养：
(1) an orphan bereaved of parents;
（一）丧失父母的孤儿；
(2) a minor whose natural parents cannot be traced; or
（二）查找不到生父母的未成年人；
(3) a minor whose natural parents are incapable of raising him due to unusual difficulties.
（三）生父母有特殊困难无力抚养的子女。
Article 1094 The following individuals and organizations may place a minor for adoption:
第一千零九十四条 下列个人、组织可以作送养人：
(1) the guardian of an orphan;
（一）孤儿的监护人；
(2) a children’s welfare institution;
（二）儿童福利机构；
(3) a minor’s natural parents who are incapable of raising him due to unusual difficulties.
（三）有特殊困难无力抚养子女的生父母。
Article 1095 Where neither of the parents of a minor has full capacity for performing civil juristic acts, and where they may seriously harm the minor, the guardian of the minor may place such minor for adoption.
第一千零九十五条 未成年人的父母均不具备完全民事行为能力且可能严重危害该未成年人的，该未成年人的监护人可以将其送养。
Article 1096 Where a guardian intends to place an orphan under his guardianship for adoption, he shall obtain the consent of the person who has the duty to raise the orphan. Where the person with the duty to raise the orphan does not consent to the adoption and the guardian is unwilling to continue exercising guardianship, a successive guardian shall be appointed in accordance with the provisions of Book One of this Code.
第一千零九十六条 监护人送养孤儿的，应当征得有抚养义务的人同意。有抚养义务的人不同意送养、监护人不愿意继续履行监护职责的，应当依照本法第一编的规定另行确定监护人。
Article 1097 Where the natural parents intend to place their child for adoption, they shall act in concert. Where one of the natural parents is unknown or cannot be traced, the other parent may place the child for adoption by himself.
第一千零九十七条 生父母送养子女，应当双方共同送养。生父母一方不明或者查找不到的，可以单方送养。
Article 1098 A prospective adopter shall meet all the following conditions:
第一千零九十八条 收养人应当同时具备下列条件：
(1) having no child or only one child;
（一）无子女或者只有一名子女；
(2) being capable of raising, educating, and protecting the adoptee;
（二）有抚养、教育和保护被收养人的能力；
(3) not suffering from any disease that is deemed medically unfit to be an adopter;
（三）未患有在医学上认为不应当收养子女的疾病；
(4) having no criminal record unfavorable to the healthy growth of the adoptee; and
（四）无不利于被收养人健康成长的违法犯罪记录；
(5) reaching the age of thirty.
（五）年满三十周岁。
Article 1099 Adoption of a child from one’s collateral relatives by blood of the same generation and up to the third degree of kinship may be exempted from the restrictions provided in Subparagraph (3) of Article 1093, Subparagraph (3) of Article 1094, and Article 1102 of this Code.
第一千零九十九条 收养三代以内旁系同辈血亲的子女，可以不受本法第一千零九十三条第三项、第一千零九十四条第三项和第一千一百零二条规定的限制。
Adoption of a child by an overseas Chinese from his collateral relatives by blood of the same generation and up to the third degree of kinship may also be exempted from the restrictions prescribed in Subparagraph (1) of Article 1098 of this Code.
华侨收养三代以内旁系同辈血亲的子女，还可以不受本法第一千零九十八条第一项规定的限制。
Article 1100 A childless adopter may adopt two children, and an adopter with one child may adopt only one more child.
第一千一百条 无子女的收养人可以收养两名子女；有子女的收养人只能收养一名子女。
Adoption of an orphan, a minor with disabilities, or a minor in a children’s welfare institution whose natural parents cannot be traced may be exempted from the restrictions provided in the preceding paragraph and Subparagraph (1) of Article 1098 of this Code.
收养孤儿、残疾未成年人或者儿童福利机构抚养的查找不到生父母的未成年人，可以不受前款和本法第一千零九十八条第一项规定的限制。
Article 1101 Where a person with a spouse intends to adopt a child, the person and his spouse shall jointly adopt the child.
第一千一百零一条 有配偶者收养子女，应当夫妻共同收养。
Article 1102 Where a person without a spouse intends to adopt a child of a different gender, the prospective adopter shall be at least forty years older than the adoptee.
第一千一百零二条 无配偶者收养异性子女的，收养人与被收养人的年龄应当相差四十周岁以上。
Article 1103 A stepparent may, with the consent of the natural parents of the stepchild, adopt the stepchild, and such adoption may be exempted from the restrictions provided in Subparagraph (3) of Article 1093, Subparagraph (3) of Article 1094, Article 1098, and Subparagraph (1) of Article 1100 of this Code.
第一千一百零三条 继父或者继母经继子女的生父母同意，可以收养继子女，并可以不受本法第一千零九十三条第三项、第一千零九十四条第三项、第一千零九十八条和第一千一百条第一款规定的限制。
Article 1104 Both adoption and placing for adoption shall be based on mutual consent. Where a minor adoptee is aged eight or above, his consent shall be obtained.
第一千一百零四条 收养人收养与送养人送养，应当双方自愿。收养八周岁以上未成年人的，应当征得被收养人的同意。
Article 1105 Adoption shall be registered with the civil affairs department of the people's government at or above the county level. The adoptive relationship is established upon registration.
第一千一百零五条 收养应当向县级以上人民政府民政部门登记。收养关系自登记之日起成立。
In the case of adopting a minor whose parents cannot be traced, the civil affairs department for adoption registration shall make public notice prior to the registration.
收养查找不到生父母的未成年人的，办理登记的民政部门应当在登记前予以公告。
The parties to an adoptive relationship may enter into an adoption agreement on a voluntary basis.
收养关系当事人愿意签订收养协议的，可以签订收养协议。
Upon request of both parties or one of the parties to an adoptive relationship, an adoption shall be notarized.
收养关系当事人各方或者一方要求办理收养公证的，应当办理收养公证。
The civil affairs department of the people's government at or above the county level shall evaluate the adoption in accordance with the law.
县级以上人民政府民政部门应当依法进行收养评估。
Article 1106 Upon establishment of an adoptive relationship, the public security department shall facilitate household registration for the adoptee in accordance with the relevant regulations of the State.
第一千一百零六条 收养关系成立后，公安机关应当按照国家有关规定为被收养人办理户口登记。
Article 1107 An orphan or a child whose natural parents are incapable of raising him may be raised by the relatives or friends of his natural parents. The provisions of this Chapter shall not apply to the relationship between two persons one of whom is raised by the other.
第一千一百零七条 孤儿或者生父母无力抚养的子女，可以由生父母的亲属、朋友抚养；抚养人与被抚养人的关系不适用本章规定。
Article 1108 Where one spouse is deceased and the surviving spouse intends to place their minor child for adoption, the parents of the deceased spouse shall have priority in raising the child.
第一千一百零八条 配偶一方死亡，另一方送养未成年子女的，死亡一方的父母有优先抚养的权利。
Article 1109 Foreign nationals may adopt children in the People's Republic of China in accordance with law.
第一千一百零九条 外国人依法可以在中华人民共和国收养子女。
The adoption of a child by a foreign national in the People's Republic of China shall be subject to the review and approval of the competent authorities of the foreign national's country of residence in accordance with the law of that country. The foreign adopter shall submit documents issued by the competent authorities of his country of residence certifying such personal information as his age, marital status, occupation, financial situation, physical condition, and whether he has criminal record. The foreign adopter shall conclude a written agreement with the person who places the child for adoption and register the adoption in person with the civil affairs department of the people’s government at the level of provinces, autonomous regions, or municipalities directly under the State Council.
外国人在中华人民共和国收养子女，应当经其所在国主管机关依照该国法律审查同意。收养人应当提供由其所在国有权机构出具的有关其年龄、婚姻、职业、财产、健康、有无受过刑事处罚等状况的证明材料，并与送养人签订书面协议，亲自向省、自治区、直辖市人民政府民政部门登记。
The certifying documents provided in the preceding paragraph shall be authenticated by the diplomatic authorities of the country in which the foreign national resides or by an agency authorized by the said diplomatic authorities, and then authenticated by the embassy or consulate of the People's Republic of China in the said country unless otherwise provided by the State.
前款规定的证明材料应当经收养人所在国外交机关或者外交机关授权的机构认证，并经中华人民共和国驻该国使领馆认证，但是国家另有规定的除外。
Article 1110 Where an adopter or a party placing a child for adoption requires that the adoption be kept confidential, the other persons shall respect their will and shall not disclose it.
第一千一百一十条 收养人、送养人要求保守收养秘密的，其他人应当尊重其意愿，不得泄露。
Section 2 Effect of Adoption
第二节 收养的效力
Article 1111 Upon establishment of an adoptive relationship, the provisions of this Code governing the parents-children relationship shall apply to the rights and duties between the adoptive parents and the adopted children. The provisions of this Code governing the relationship between children and the close relatives of their parents shall apply to the rights and duties between the adopted children and the close relatives of their adoptive parents.
第一千一百一十一条 自收养关系成立之日起，养父母与养子女间的权利义务关系，适用本法关于父母子女关系的规定；养子女与养父母的近亲属间的权利义务关系，适用本法关于子女与父母的近亲属关系的规定。
Upon establishment of an adoptive relationship, the rights and duties arising between the adoptee and his natural parents as well as the latter’s other close relatives shall be terminated.
养子女与生父母以及其他近亲属间的权利义务关系，因收养关系的成立而消除。
Article 1112 An adopted child may take the surname of his adoptive father or mother, or may retain his original surname upon consent of all the parties to the adoption.
第一千一百一十二条 养子女可以随养父或者养母的姓氏，经当事人协商一致，也可以保留原姓氏。
Article 1113 An adoption shall be void when it constitutes a void civil juristic act as provided in Book One of this Code or violates the provisions provided in this Book.
第一千一百一十三条 有本法第一编关于民事法律行为无效规定情形或者违反本编规定的收养行为无效。
A void adoption has no legal effect ab initio.
无效的收养行为自始没有法律约束力。
Section 3 Dissolution of an Adoptive Relationship
第三节 收养关系的解除
Article 1114 No adopter may dissolve an adoptive relationship before the adoptee has reached the majority age unless there is an agreement between the adopter and the party who places the child for adoption to dissolve such relationship. Where an adoptee is aged eight or above, his own consent thereto shall be obtained. Where an adopter fails to perform the duty to raise the adoptee or commits maltreatment, desertion, or other acts infringing upon the lawful rights and interests of the minor adoptee, the person who has placed the child for adoption has the right to request that the adoptive relationship be dissolved. Where an adopter and a party who has placed a child for adoption fail to reach an agreement for dissolution of the adoptive relationship, either party may file a lawsuit with the people’s court.
第一千一百一十四条 收养人在被收养人成年以前，不得解除收养关系，但是收养人、送养人双方协议解除的除外。养子女八周岁以上的，应当征得本人同意。收养人不履行抚养义务，有虐待、遗弃等侵害未成年养子女合法权益行为的，送养人有权要求解除养父母与养子女间的收养关系。送养人、收养人不能达成解除收养关系协议的，可以向人民法院提起诉讼。
Article 1115 Where the relationship between the adoptive parents and the adopted child who has become an adult so deteriorates that they are unable to live together, the adoption may be dissolved by agreement. Where the parties fail to reach such an agreement, either party may file a lawsuit with the people's court.
第一千一百一十五条 养父母与成年养子女关系恶化、无法共同生活的，可以协议解除收养关系。不能达成协议的，可以向人民法院提起诉讼。
Article 1116 Where the parties agree to dissolve an adoptive relationship, they shall register the dissolution with the civil affairs department.
第一千一百一十六条 当事人协议解除收养关系的，应当到民政部门办理解除收养关系登记。
Article 1117 Upon dissolution of an adoptive relationship, the rights and duties between an adoptee and his adoptive parents as well as the latter’s other close relatives shall be terminated, and the rights and duties between the adoptee and his natural parents as well as the latter’s other close relatives shall be automatically restored. However, while an adopted child has become an adult, whether the rights and duties between such an adoptee and his natural parents as well as the latter’s other close relatives are to be restored may be decided through consultation.
第一千一百一十七条 收养关系解除后，养子女与养父母以及其他近亲属间的权利义务关系即行消除，与生父母以及其他近亲属间的权利义务关系自行恢复。但是，成年养子女与生父母以及其他近亲属间的权利义务关系是否恢复，可以协商确定。
Article 1118 After dissolution of an adoptive relationship, an adoptee who has been raised up by the adoptive parents and now become an adult shall provide living expenses to his adoptive parents who lack both the capacity to work and the means to support themselves. Where an adoptive relationship is dissolved because the adopted child maltreats or deserts his adoptive parents after the adopted child has become an adult, the adoptive parents may request the adoptee to compensate for the expenses incurred to raise the adoptee during the adoption period.
第一千一百一十八条 收养关系解除后，经养父母抚养的成年养子女，对缺乏劳动能力又缺乏生活来源的养父母，应当给付生活费。因养子女成年后虐待、遗弃养父母而解除收养关系的，养父母可以要求养子女补偿收养期间支出的抚养费。
Where dissolution of an adoptive relationship is required by the natural parents of the adoptee, the adoptive parents may request the natural parents of the adoptee to appropriately compensate for the expenses incurred to raise the adoptee during the adoption period, unless the adoptive relationship is dissolved because the adoptive parents maltreat or desert the adoptee.
生父母要求解除收养关系的，养父母可以要求生父母适当补偿收养期间支出的抚养费；但是，因养父母虐待、遗弃养子女而解除收养关系的除外。