Civil Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China
中华人民共和国民事诉讼法
Adopted at the fourth Meeting of the seventh National People's Congress on April 9, 1991 and amended for the first time in accordance with the Decision on Amending the Civil Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China at the 30th Meeting of the Standing Committee of the tenth National People's Congress on October 28, 2007 and amended for the second time in accordance with the Decision on Amending the Civil Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China at the 28th Meeting of the Standing Committee of the 11th National People's Congress on August 31, 2012, and amended for the third time in accordance with the Decision on Revising the Civil Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China and the Administrative Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China at the 28th Meeting of the Standing Committee of the 12th National People's Congress on June 27, 2017.
（1991年4月9日第七届全国人民代表大会第四次会议通过根据2007年10月28日第十届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第三十次会议《关于修改〈中华人民共和国民事诉讼法〉的决定》第一次修正根据2012年8月31日第十一届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第二十八次会议《关于修改〈中华人民共和国民事诉讼法〉的决定》第二次修正根据2017年6月27日》第三次修正）
Part One General Provisions
第一编 总 则
Chapter I Purpose, Scope of Application and Basic Principles
第一章 任务、适用范围和基本原则
Chapter II Jurisdiction
第二章 管 辖
Section 1 Tier Jurisdiction
第一节 级别管辖
Section 2 Territorial Jurisdiction
第二节 地域管辖
Transfer and Designation of Jurisdiction
第三节 移送管辖和指定管辖
Chapter III Trial Organization
第三章 审判组织
Chapter IV Recusal
第四章 回避
Chapter V Participants in Proceedings
第五章 诉讼参加人
Section 1 Parties
第一节 当事人
Section 2 Agents Ad Litem
第二节 诉讼代理人
Chapter VI Evidence
第六章 证据
Chapter VII Time Periods and Service
第七章 期间、送达
Section 1 Time Periods
第一节 期间
Section 2 Service
第二节 送达
Chapter VIII Conciliation
第八章 调解
Chapter IX Property Preservation and Preliminary Execution
第九章 保全和先予执行
Chapter X Compulsory Measures Against Obstruction of Civil Proceedings
第十章 对妨害民事诉讼的强制措施
Chapter XI Litigation Costs
第十一章 诉讼费用
Part Two Trial Procedure
第二编 审判程序
Chapter XII Ordinary Procedure of First Instance
第十二章 第一审普通程序
Bringing a Lawsuit and Accepting a Case
第一节 起诉和受理
Section 2 Preparations for Trial
第二节 审理前的准备
Section 3 Trial in Court
第三节 开庭审理
Section 4 Suspension and Termination of Litigation
第四节 诉讼中止和终结
Section 5 Judgment and Order
第五节 判决和裁定
Chapter XIII Summary Procedure
第十三章 简易程序
Chapter XIV Procedure of Second Instance
第十四章 第二审程序
Chapter XV Special Procedure
第十五章 特别程序
Section 1 General Provisions
第一节 一般规定
Section 2 Cases Concerning the Qualification of Voters
第二节 选民资格案件
Section 3 Cases Concerning the Proclamation of a Person as Missing or Dead
第三节 宣告失踪、宣告死亡案件
Section 4 Cases Concerning the Determination of a Citizen as Having No Capacity for Civil Acts or as Having Limited Capacity for Civil Acts
第四节 认定公民无民事行为能力、限制民事行为能力案件
Section 5 Cases Concerning the Determination of a Property as Ownerless Property
第五节 认定财产无主案件
Section 6 Confirmation of Mediation Agreement
第六节 确认调解协议案件
Section 7 Enforcement of Real Rights for Security
第七节 实现担保物权案件
Chapter XVI Procedure for Trial Supervision
第十六章 审判监督程序
Chapter XVII Procedure for Hastening Recovery of Debts
第十七章 督促程序
Chapter XVIII Procedure for Publicizing Public Notice for Assertion of Claims
第十八章 公示催告程序
Part Three Execution Procedures
第三编 执行程序
Chapter XIX General Provisions
第十九章 一般规定
Chapter XX Application for and Referral of Execution
第二十章 执行的申请和移送
Chapter XXI Execution Measure
第二十一章 执行措施
Chapter XXII Suspension and Termination of Execution
第二十二章 执行中止和终结
Part Four Special Provisions on Civil Actions Involving Foreign Parties
第四编 涉外民事诉讼程序的特别规定
Chapter XXIII General Provisions
第二十三章 一般原则
Chapter XXIV Jurisdiction
第二十四章 管 辖
Chapter XXV Service and Time Periods
第二十五章 送达、期间
Chapter XXVI Arbitration
第二十六章 仲 裁
Chapter XXVII Judicial Assistance
第二十七章 司法协助
Part One General Provisions
第一编 总则
Chapter I Purpose, Scope of Application and Basic Principles
第一章 任务、适用范围和基本原则
Article 1 The Civil Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China is formulated on the basis of the Constitution and in light of the experience and actual circumstances of the trial of civil cases in China.
第一条 中华人民共和国民事诉讼法以宪法为根据，结合我国民事审判工作的经验和实际情况制定。
Article 2 The purpose of the Civil Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as the "the Law") is to protect the parties' exercise of their litigation rights, to ensure that the people's courts ascertain facts clearly, distinguish right from wrong, apply the law correctly, try civil cases promptly, affirm civil rights and obligations, impose sanctions for civil offences, protect the lawful rights and interests of the parties, educate citizens to observe the law conscientiously, maintain the social and economic order and safeguard the smooth progress of socialist construction and development.
第二条 中华人民共和国民事诉讼法的任务，是保护当事人行使诉讼权利，保证人民法院查明事实，分清是非，正确适用法律，及时审理民事案件，确认民事权利义务关系，制裁民事违法行为，保护当事人的合法权益，教育公民自觉遵守法律，维护社会秩序、经济秩序，保障社会主义建设事业顺利进行。
Article 3 In dealing with the civil actions arising from disputes on property and personal relations between citizens, legal persons or other organizations and among citizens, legal persons and other organizations, the people's courts shall apply the provisions hereof.
第三条 人民法院受理公民之间、法人之间、其他组织之间以及他们相互之间因财产关系和人身关系提起的民事诉讼，适用本法的规定。
Article 4 All those who are engaged in civil actions within the territory of the People's Republic of China shall abide hereby.
第四条 凡在中华人民共和国领域内进行民事诉讼，必须遵守本法。
Article 5 Aliens, stateless persons and foreign enterprises and organizations that institute or respond to litigation in a people's court shall have the same litigation rights and obligations as citizens, legal persons and other organizations of the People's Republic of China.
第五条 外国人、无国籍人、外国企业和组织在人民法院起诉、应诉，同中华人民共和国公民、法人和其他组织有同等的诉讼权利义务。
If the courts of a foreign country impose restrictions on the civil litigation rights of citizens, legal persons and other organizations of the People's Republic of China, the people's courts of the People's Republic of China shall implement the principle of reciprocity in respect of the civil litigation rights of citizens, enterprises and organizations of that foreign country.
外国法院对中华人民共和国公民、法人和其他组织的民事诉讼权利加以限制的，中华人民共和国人民法院对该国公民、企业和组织的民事诉讼权利，实行对等原则。
Article 6 Jurisdiction over civil cases shall be exercised by the people's courts.
第六条 民事案件的审判权由人民法院行使。
The people's courts shall try civil cases independently in accordance with the law, and shall not be subject to interference by any administrative authority, social organization or individual.
人民法院依照法律规定对民事案件独立进行审判，不受行政机关、社会团体和个人的干涉。
Article 7 In trying civil cases, the people's courts shall take the facts as the basis and the law as the standard.
第七条 人民法院审理民事案件，必须以事实为根据，以法律为准绳。
Article 8 The parties to a civil action shall have equal litigation rights. In trying civil cases, the people's courts shall safeguard and facilitate the parties' exercise of their litigation rights, and shall treat the parties equally in the application of law.
第八条 民事诉讼当事人有平等的诉讼权利。人民法院审理民事案件，应当保障和便利当事人行使诉讼权利，对当事人在适用法律上一律平等。
Article 9 In trying civil cases, the people's courts shall carry out conciliation on a voluntary and lawful basis; if conciliation fails, a judgment shall be rendered without delay.
第九条 人民法院审理民事案件，应当根据自愿和合法的原则进行调解；调解不成的，应当及时判决。
Article 10 In trying civil cases, the people's courts shall, in accordance with the law, implement the systems of collegial panel hearing, recusal,open public trial and two-tier trial.
第十条 人民法院审理民事案件，依照法律规定实行合议、回避、公开审判和两审终审制度。
Article 11 Citizens of all ethnic groups shall have the right to use their native spoken and written languages in civil proceedings.
第十一条 各民族公民都有用本民族语言、文字进行民事诉讼的权利。
In areas inhabited predominantly by a minority ethnic group or by several minority ethnic groups, the people's courts shall conduct hearings and issue legal documents in the spoken and written languages commonly used by the local ethnic groups.
在少数民族聚居或者多民族共同居住的地区，人民法院应当用当地民族通用的语言、文字进行审理和发布法律文书。
The people's courts shall provide interpretation and translation for participants in an action who are not familiar with the spoken or written languages commonly used by the local ethnic groups.
人民法院应当对不通晓当地民族通用的语言、文字的诉讼参与人提供翻译。
In the trial of civil cases by people's courts, the parties shall have the right to argue for themselves.
第十二条 人民法院审理民事案件时，当事人有权进行辩论。
Article 13 Civil proceedings shall follow the principle of good faith.
第十三条 民事诉讼应当遵循诚实信用原则。
The parties shall have the right, within the scope stipulated by the law, to deal with their own civil rights and litigation rights.
当事人有权在法律规定的范围内处分自己的民事权利和诉讼权利。
Article 14 The people's procuratorates have the right to exercise legal supervision over civil proceedings.
第十四条 人民检察院有权对民事诉讼实行法律监督。
Article 15 If the rights and interests of the State, a collective body or an individual are infringed, the governmental authorities, social entities and public institutions may support the injured entity or individual in bringing an action in the people's courts.
第十五条 机关、社会团体、企业事业单位对损害国家、集体或者个人民事权益的行为，可以支持受损害的单位或者个人向人民法院起诉。
Article 16 The people's congresses of the autonomous regions of the ethnic groups may formulate flexible or supplementary provisions in accordance with the principles of the Constitution and the Law, and taking into account the specific circumstances of local ethnic groups. Such provisions made by an autonomous region shall be submitted to the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress for approval. Provisions made by autonomous prefectures and autonomous counties shall be submitted to the standing committee of the people's congress of the respective provinces or autonomous regions for approval, and to the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress for record-filing.
第十六条 民族自治地方的人民代表大会根据宪法和本法的原则，结合当地民族的具体情况，可以制定变通或者补充的规定。自治区的规定，报全国人民代表大会常务委员会批准。自治州、自治县的规定，报省或者自治区的人民代表大会常务委员会批准，并报全国人民代表大会常务委员会备案。
Chapter II Jurisdiction
第二章管辖
Section 1 Tier Jurisdiction
第一节 级别管辖
Article 17 Unless otherwise stipulated herein, primary people's courts shall have jurisdiction as courts of first instance over all civil cases.
第十七条 基层人民法院管辖第一审民事案件，但本法另有规定的除外。
Article 18 Intermediate people's courts shall have jurisdiction as courts of first instance over the following types of civil cases:
第十八条 中级人民法院管辖下列第一审民事案件：
(1) major cases involving foreign parties;
（一）重大涉外案件；
(2) cases with significant impact in the areas over which the courts exercise jurisdiction; and
（二）在本辖区有重大影响的案件；
(3) cases determined by the Supreme People's Court to be under the jurisdiction of the intermediate people's courts.
（三）最高人民法院确定由中级人民法院管辖的案件。
Article 19 High people's courts shall have jurisdiction as courts of first instance over civil cases with significant impact in the areas over which they exercise jurisdiction.
第十九条 高级人民法院管辖在本辖区有重大影响的第一审民事案件。
Article 20 The Supreme People's Court shall have jurisdiction as the court of first instance over the following types of civil cases:
第二十条 最高人民法院管辖下列第一审民事案件：
(1) cases with significant impact on the whole country; and
（一）在全国有重大影响的案件；
(2) cases that the Supreme People's Court deems it should try itself.
（二）认为应当由本院审理的案件。
Section 2 Territorial Jurisdictions
第二节 地域管辖
Article 21 A civil action instituted against a citizen shall be under the jurisdiction of the people's court in the place where the defendant is domiciled; where the defendant's place of domicile is different from the place of his or her habitual residence, the people's court in the place of his or her habitual residence shall have jurisdiction.
第二十一条 对公民提起的民事诉讼，由被告住所地人民法院管辖；被告住所地与经常居住地不一致的，由经常居住地人民法院管辖。
A civil action instituted against a legal person or any other organization shall be under the jurisdiction of the people's court in the place where the defendant is domiciled.
对法人或者其他组织提起的民事诉讼，由被告住所地人民法院管辖。
If the places of domicile or habitual residence of several defendants in the same lawsuit are under the jurisdiction of two or more people's courts, each of those people's courts shall have jurisdiction.
同一诉讼的几个被告住所地、经常居住地在两个以上人民法院辖区的，各该人民法院都有管辖权。
Article 22 The following civil actions shall be under the jurisdiction of the people's court of the place where the plaintiff is domiciled; if the plaintiff's place of domicile is different from the place of his or her habitual residence, the people's court in the place of his or her habitual residence shall have jurisdiction:
第二十二条 下列民事诉讼，由原告住所地人民法院管辖；原告住所地与经常居住地不一致的，由原告经常居住地人民法院管辖：
(1) actions concerning personal relationships instituted against persons not residing within the territory of the People's Republic of China;
（一）对不在中华人民共和国领域内居住的人提起的有关身份关系的诉讼；
(2) actions concerning personal relationships instituted against persons whose whereabouts are unknown or who have been declared missing;
（二）对下落不明或者宣告失踪的人提起的有关身份关系的诉讼；
(3) actions instituted against persons who are undergoing compulsory correction; and
（三）对被采取强制性教育措施的人提起的诉讼；
(4) actions instituted against persons who are imprisoned.
（四）对被监禁的人提起的诉讼。
Article 23 An action involving a contractual dispute shall be under the jurisdiction of the people's court of the place where the defendant is domiciled or where the contract is performed.
第二十三条 因合同纠纷提起的诉讼，由被告住所地或者合同履行地人民法院管辖。
Article 24 An action involving a dispute over an insurance contract shall be under the jurisdiction of the people's court of the place where the defendant is domiciled or where the insured object is located.
第二十四条 因保险合同纠纷提起的诉讼，由被告住所地或者保险标的物所在地人民法院管辖。
Article 25 An action involving a negotiable instrument shall be under the jurisdiction of the people's court of the place where payment on the instrument was made or where the defendant is domiciled.
第二十五条 因票据纠纷提起的诉讼，由票据支付地或者被告住所地人民法院管辖。
Article 26 An action initiated in connection with disputes over the incorporation of a company, confirmation of the eligibility of shareholder(s) of the company, profit distribution or dissolution of the company shall be under the jurisdiction of the people's court at the domicile of the company.
第二十六条 因公司设立、确认股东资格、分配利润、解散等纠纷提起的诉讼，由公司住所地人民法院管辖。
Article 27 An action involving a dispute over a contract for railway, road, water or air transportation or combined transportation shall be under the jurisdiction of the people's court of the place of departure or place of destination or of the place where the defendant is domiciled.
第二十七条 因铁路、公路、水上、航空运输和联合运输合同纠纷提起的诉讼，由运输始发地、目的地或者被告住所地人民法院管辖。
Article 28 An action involving a tort shall be under the jurisdiction of the people's court of the place where the tort was committed or where the defendant is domiciled.
第二十八条 因侵权行为提起的诉讼，由侵权行为地或者被告住所地人民法院管辖。
Article 29 An action involving a claim for damages arising from a railway, road, water or aviation accident shall be under the jurisdiction of the people's court of the place where the accident took place, where the vehicle or vessel first arrived, where the aircraft first landed or where the defendant is domiciled.
第二十九条 因铁路、公路、水上和航空事故请求损害赔偿提起的诉讼，由事故发生地或者车辆、船舶最先到达地、航空器最先降落地或者被告住所地人民法院管辖。
Article 30 An action involving a claim for damages arising from a collision of vessels or other maritime accident shall be under the jurisdiction of the people's court of the place where the collision took place, where the vessel in collision first docked, where the vessel at fault was detained or where the defendant is domiciled.
第三十条 因船舶碰撞或者其他海事损害事故请求损害赔偿提起的诉讼，由碰撞发生地、碰撞船舶最先到达地、加害船舶被扣留地或者被告住所地人民法院管辖。
Article 31 An action involving maritime salvage expenses shall be under the jurisdiction of the people's court of the salvage took place or of the place where the salvaged ship first docked.
第三十一条 因海难救助费用提起的诉讼，由救助地或者被救助船舶最先到达地人民法院管辖。
Article 32 An action involving general average shall be under the jurisdiction of the people's court of the place where the ship first docked, where the general average was adjusted or where the voyage ended.
第三十二条 因共同海损提起的诉讼，由船舶最先到达地、共同海损理算地或者航程终止地的人民法院管辖。
Article 33 The following cases shall be under the exclusive jurisdiction of the people's courts specified in this Article:
第三十三条 下列案件，由本条规定的人民法院专属管辖：
(1) an action involving a dispute over immovable property shall be under the jurisdiction of the people's court of the place where the immovable property is located;
（一）因不动产纠纷提起的诉讼，由不动产所在地人民法院管辖；
(2) an action involving a dispute arising from port operations shall be under the jurisdiction of the people's court of the place where the port is located; and
（二）因港口作业中发生纠纷提起的诉讼，由港口所在地人民法院管辖；
(3) an action involving a dispute over inheritance shall be under the jurisdiction of the people's court of the place of domicile at the time of death of the person whose property is inherited or where the major portion of the estate is located.
（三）因继承遗产纠纷提起的诉讼，由被继承人死亡时住所地或者主要遗产所在地人民法院管辖。
Article 34 The parties to a contractual dispute or any other property dispute may agree in writing to be subject to the jurisdiction of the people's court at the place having connection with the dispute, such as where the defendant is domiciled, where the contract is performed, where the contract is signed, where the plaintiff is domiciled or where the subject matter is located, etc., provided that such agreement does not violate the provisions of the Law regarding tier jurisdiction and exclusive jurisdiction.
第三十四条 合同或者其他财产权益纠纷的当事人可以书面协议选择被告住所地、合同履行地、合同签订地、原告住所地、标的物所在地等与争议有实际联系的地点的人民法院管辖，但不得违反本法对级别管辖和专属管辖的规定。
Article 35 When two or more people's courts have jurisdiction over an action, the plaintiff may institute his or her action in one of those people's courts; if the plaintiff institutes the action in two or more people's courts with jurisdiction over the action, the people's court that first puts the case on its trial docket shall have jurisdiction.
第三十五条 两个以上人民法院都有管辖权的诉讼，原告可以向其中一个人民法院起诉；原告向两个以上有管辖权的人民法院起诉的，由最先立案的人民法院管辖。
Section 3 Referral and Designation of Jurisdictions
第三节 移送管辖和指定管辖
Article 36 If a people's court discovers that a case it has accepted is not within its jurisdiction, it shall refer the case to the people's court with jurisdiction, which shall accept the case. If a people's court to which a case is referred considers that the case does not come under its jurisdiction in accordance with regulations, it shall report to the superior people's court for designation of jurisdiction and shall not further refer the case at its own discretion.
第三十六条 人民法院发现受理的案件不属于本院管辖的，应当移送有管辖权的人民法院，受移送的人民法院应当受理。受移送的人民法院认为受移送的案件依照规定不属于本院管辖的，应当报请上级人民法院指定管辖，不得再自行移送。
Article 37 If a people's court with jurisdiction over the case is unable to exercise jurisdiction due to special reasons, the superior people's court shall designate jurisdiction.
第三十七条 有管辖权的人民法院由于特殊原因，不能行使管辖权的，由上级人民法院指定管辖。
A dispute over jurisdiction between people's courts shall be resolved by the disputing courts through consultation. If the dispute cannot be resolved through consultation, it shall be submitted to the people's court that is the mutual superior people's court of the disputing courts for the designation of jurisdiction.
人民法院之间因管辖权发生争议，由争议双方协商解决；协商解决不了的，报请它们的共同上级人民法院指定管辖。
Article 38 A superior people's court shall have the right to try first instance civil cases of an inferior people's court; where it is necessary for a people's court as the court of first instance to transfer a civil case to an inferior court, the people's court shall apply to its superior people's court for approval.
第三十八条 上级人民法院有权审理下级人民法院管辖的第一审民事案件；确有必要将本院管辖的第一审民事案件交下级人民法院审理的，应当报请其上级人民法院批准。
If an inferior people's court deems it necessary for a civil case of first instance under its jurisdiction to be tried by a superior people's court, it may apply to such people's court for trying the case.
下级人民法院对它所管辖的第一审民事案件，认为需要由上级人民法院审理的，可以报请上级人民法院审理。
Chapter III Judicial Organizations
第三章审判组织
Article 39 When trying a civil case of the first instance, a people's court shall form a collegiate bench consisting of both judges and jurors or of judges alone. A collegiate bench must have an odd number of members.
第三十九条 人民法院审理第一审民事案件，由审判员、陪审员共同组成合议庭或者由审判员组成合议庭。合议庭的成员人数，必须是单数。
Civil cases to which the summary procedure is applied shall be tried by a single judge alone.
适用简易程序审理的民事案件，由审判员一人独任审理。
When performing their duties as jurors, the jurors shall have the same powers and obligations as the judges.
陪审员在执行陪审职务时，与审判员有同等的权利义务。
Article 40 When trying a civil case of the second instance, a people's court shall form a collegiate bench of judges. The collegiate bench must have an odd number of members.
第四十条 人民法院审理第二审民事案件，由审判员组成合议庭。合议庭的成员人数，必须是单数。
When trying a case remanded for retrial, the people's court that originally tried the case shall form a new collegiate bench in accordance with the procedure at first instance.
发回重审的案件，原审人民法院应当按照第一审程序另行组成合议庭。
If a case to be retried was originally tried at first instance, a new collegiate bench shall be formed in accordance with the procedure at first instance; if the case was originally tried at second instance or was removed to a superior people's court for trial, a new collegiate bench shall be formed in accordance with the procedure at second instance.
审理再审案件，原来是第一审的，按照第一审程序另行组成合议庭；原来是第二审的或者是上级人民法院提审的，按照第二审程序另行组成合议庭。
Article 41 The court president or the presiding judge shall designate a judge to serve as the presiding judge of the collegiate bench; if the court president or the presiding judge participates in the trial and , he or she shall serve as the presiding judge.
第四十一条 合议庭的审判长由院长或者庭长指定审判员一人担任；院长或者庭长参加审判的，由院长或者庭长担任。
Article 42 When deliberating a case, a collegiate bench shall observe the rule of majority. The deliberations shall be recorded in writing, and the transcript shall be signed by the members of the collegiate bench. Dissenting opinions in the deliberations must be faithfully recorded in the transcript.
第四十二条 合议庭评议案件，实行少数服从多数的原则。评议应当制作笔录，由合议庭成员签名。评议中的不同意见，必须如实记入笔录。
Article 43 Judicial officers shall handle all cases impartially and in accordance with the law.
第四十三条 审判人员应当依法秉公办案。
Judicial officers may not accept invitations to meals or gifts from the parties or their agents ad litem.
审判人员不得接受当事人及其诉讼代理人请客送礼。
Any member of the judicial officers who is involved in corruption, accepts bribes, engages in malpractice for personal benefits or makes a judgment that perverts the law, shall be investigated for legal liability; if a criminal offence is constituted, such person's criminal liability shall be investigated according to the law.
审判人员有贪污受贿，徇私舞弊，枉法裁判行为的，应当追究法律责任；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。
Chapter IV Recusal
第四章回避
Article 44 Any member of the judicial officers under any of the following circumstances shall recuse from the case, and a party shall also have the right to request, orally or in writing, for the recusal of such a judicial officer from the case:
第四十四条 审判人员有下列情形之一的，应当自行回避，当事人有权用口头或者书面方式申请他们回避：
(1) the judicial officer is a party or a close relative of a party or an agent ad litem to the case;
（一）是本案当事人或者当事人、诉讼代理人近亲属的；
(2) the judicial officer is an interested party in the case; or
（二）与本案有利害关系的；
(3) the judicial officer has some other relationship with a party or agent ad litem to the case, which may affect the impartial trial of the case.
（三）与本案当事人、诉讼代理人有其他关系，可能影响对案件公正审理的。
Where a member of the judicial officers accepts any gift or meal invitation from any party or agent ad litem to the case, or he or she meets with the party or agent in violation of the relevant provisions, the parties shall have the right to request for the recusal of such judicial officer from the case.
审判人员接受当事人、诉讼代理人请客送礼，或者违反规定会见当事人、诉讼代理人的，当事人有权要求他们回避。
Any member of the judicial officers that commits any of the violations stipulated in the preceding paragraph shall be investigated for his or her legal liabilities according to the law.
审判人员有前款规定的行为的，应当依法追究法律责任。
The above provisions shall also apply to clerks, interpreters, experts and inspectors.
前三款规定，适用于书记员、翻译人员、鉴定人、勘验人。
Article 45 When requesting for the recusal of a member of the judicial officers, a party shall explain the reasons and shall raise the request at the beginning of the trial; if the reason for the request becomes known after the trial has commenced, the request may also be raised prior to the conclusion of the court arguments.
第四十五条 当事人提出回避申请，应当说明理由，在案件开始审理时提出；回避事由在案件开始审理后知道的，也可以在法庭辩论终结前提出。
Pending a decision on recusal by the people's court, the member of the personnel requested to be withdrawn shall temporarily suspend his or her participation in the work for the case, unless the circumstances of the case require urgent measures.
被申请回避的人员在人民法院作出是否回避的决定前，应当暂停参与本案的工作，但案件需要采取紧急措施的除外。
Article 46 The recusal of a court president serving as presiding judge shall be decided on by the judicial committee. The recusal of judicial officers shall be decided on by the court president. The recusal of other persons shall be decided on by the presiding judge.
第四十六条 院长担任审判长时的回避，由审判委员会决定；审判人员的回避，由院长决定；其他人员的回避，由审判长决定。
Article 47 The decision by a people's court on a request for recusal raised by a party shall be made orally or in writing within three days after the request was raised. If the applicant disagrees with the decision, he or she may apply for review once upon receipt of the decision. During the period of review, the person requested to be recused shall not suspend his or her participation in the work for the case. The decision by a people's court on an application for review shall be made within three days and the applicant shall be notified of the decision.
第四十七条 人民法院对当事人提出的回避申请，应当在申请提出的三日内，以口头或者书面形式作出决定。申请人对决定不服的，可以在接到决定时申请复议一次。复议期间，被申请回避的人员，不停止参与本案的工作。人民法院对复议申请，应当在三日内作出复议决定，并通知复议申请人。
Chapter V Participants in Legal Actions
第五章诉讼参加人
Section 1 Parties
第一节 当事人
Article 48 Any citizen, legal person or other organization may be a party to a civil action.
第四十八条 公民、法人和其他组织可以作为民事诉讼的当事人。
Legal persons shall be represented in litigation by their legal representatives. Other organizations shall be represented in litigation by their officers in charge.
法人由其法定代表人进行诉讼。其他组织由其主要负责人进行诉讼。
Article 49 Parties shall have the right to appoint agents, to request for the recusal of judicial officers, to collect and present evidence, to engage in arguments in court, to request for mediation, to file appeals and to apply for execution.
第四十九条 当事人有权委托代理人，提出回避申请，收集、提供证据，进行辩论，请求调解，提起上诉，申请执行。
Parties may have access to the materials relating to the case, and make copies thereof and other legal documents relating to the case. The scope and method of accessing and copying materials relating to the case shall be determined by the Supreme People's Court.
当事人可以查阅本案有关材料，并可以复制本案有关材料和法律文书。查阅、复制本案有关材料的范围和办法由最高人民法院规定。
Parties to a case must exercise their litigation rights in accordance with the law, observe litigation procedures, and perform the terms of written judgments, rulings or mediation statements that have become legally effective.
当事人必须依法行使诉讼权利，遵守诉讼秩序，履行发生法律效力的判决书、裁定书和调解书。
Article 50 Two parties to a case may reach a settlement on their own.
第五十条 双方当事人可以自行和解。
Article 51 A plaintiff may relinquish or modify his or her claims. A defendant may admit or rebut the claims and shall have the right to institute a counterclaim.
第五十一条 原告可以放弃或者变更诉讼请求。被告可以承认或者反驳诉讼请求，有权提起反诉。
Article 52 If one party or both parties consist of two or more persons, the subject matter of the action is the same or of the same category and the people's court considers that the case can be tried as a joint action, the case shall be tried as a joint action, subject to the consent of the parties.
第五十二条 当事人一方或者双方为二人以上，其诉讼标的是共同的，或者诉讼标的是同一种类、人民法院认为可以合并审理并经当事人同意的，为共同诉讼。
If the persons constituting a party to a joint action have common rights and obligations with respect to the subject matter of the action, and the procedural act by one member of the party is recognized by the other members of the party, such act shall be binding on all the other members of the party. If the persons constituting a party to a joint action do not have common rights and obligations with respect to the subject matter of action, a procedural act by one of those persons shall not be binding on the other members of the party.
共同诉讼的一方当事人对诉讼标的有共同权利义务的，其中一人的诉讼行为经其他共同诉讼人承认，对其他共同诉讼人发生效力；对诉讼标的没有共同权利义务的，其中一人的诉讼行为对其他共同诉讼人不发生效力。
Article 53 A joint action in which one party consists of numerous persons may be brought by a representative elected by such persons. The procedural acts of such representative shall be binding on all members of the party he or she represents. However, the representative's modification or relinquishment of claims, or recognition of the other party's claims or involvement in mediation shall be subject to the consents of the parties he or she represents.
第五十三条 当事人一方人数众多的共同诉讼，可以由当事人推选代表人进行诉讼。代表人的诉讼行为对其所代表的当事人发生效力，但代表人变更、放弃诉讼请求或者承认对方当事人的诉讼请求，进行和解，必须经被代表的当事人同意。
Article 54 If the subject matter of the action is of the same category and a party consists of numerous persons, and upon institution of the action the number of persons is not determined yet, the people's court may issue a public notice stating the particulars of the case and the claims and requesting that the claimants register with the people's court within a certain period of time.
第五十四条 诉讼标的是同一种类、当事人一方人数众多在起诉时人数尚未确定的，人民法院可以发出公告，说明案件情况和诉讼请求，通知权利人在一定期间向人民法院登记。
Claimants who have registered with the people's court may elect a representative to engage in litigation; if no such representative can be elected, the people's court may discuss with the registered claimants in determining on such representative.
向人民法院登记的权利人可以推选代表人进行诉讼；推选不出代表人的，人民法院可以与参加登记的权利人商定代表人。
The procedural acts of a representative shall be binding on the party he or she represents. However, the representative's modification or recusal of claims, or recognition of the other party's claims or involvement in mediation shall require the consent of the party he or she represents.
代表人的诉讼行为对其所代表的当事人发生效力，但代表人变更、放弃诉讼请求或者承认对方当事人的诉讼请求，进行和解，必须经被代表的当事人同意。
Judgments or rulings rendered by a people's court shall be binding on all the claimants who have registered with the court. Such judgments or rulings shall apply to claimants who have not registered with the court but who institute actions during the limitation period.
人民法院作出的判决、裁定，对参加登记的全体权利人发生效力。未参加登记的权利人在诉讼时效期间提起诉讼的，适用该判决、裁定。
Article 55 Legally designated institutions and relevant organizations may initiate actions at the people's court against acts jeopardizing public interest such as causing pollution to the environment or damaging the legitimate rights or interests of consumers at large.
第五十五条 对污染环境、侵害众多消费者合法权益等损害社会公共利益的行为，法律规定的机关和有关组织可以向人民法院提起诉讼。
Where a people's procuratorate finds any act that does harm to the protection of the ecological environment and resources, any practice in the food and drug safety field that infringes upon the legitimate rights and interests of consumers, or any other behavior that damages the social benefits of the masses, while performing its duties and functions, it may file an action to the people's court, provided that there is no such organ or institution specified in the preceding paragraph or the organ or institution specified in the preceding paragraph decides not to file an action. Where the organ or institution specified in the preceding paragraph files a lawsuit, the people's procuratorate may give endorsement to such lawsuit.
人民检察院在履行职责中发现破坏生态环境和资源保护、食品药品安全领域侵害众多消费者合法权益等损害社会公共利益的行为，在没有前款规定的机关和组织或者前款规定的机关和组织不提起诉讼的情况下，可以向人民法院提起诉讼。前款规定的机关或者组织提起诉讼的，人民检察院可以支持起诉。
Article 56 If a third party considers that it has an independent claim against the object of an action of two parties, the third party shall have the right to institute an action.
第五十六条 对当事人双方的诉讼标的，第三人认为有独立请求权的，有权提起诉讼。
If a third party has no independent claim against the object of an action of two parties but the outcome of the case will affect his or her legal interests, he or she may apply to join in the action, or the people's court shall notify him or her requesting his or her participation. If the people's court judges that a third party shall assume civil liability, such third party shall have the same litigation rights and obligations as those of a party to the case.
对当事人双方的诉讼标的，第三人虽然没有独立请求权，但案件处理结果同他有法律上的利害关系的，可以申请参加诉讼，或者由人民法院通知他参加诉讼。人民法院判决承担民事责任的第三人，有当事人的诉讼权利义务。
Where a third party stipulated in the preceding two paragraphs fails to participate in the lawsuit due to cause(s) other than such third party, but nonetheless has evidence providing that a legally effective judgment, ruling or conciliation statement is partially or wholly incorrect in its contents and hence damages the civil rights and interests of the third party, such third party may, within six months after becoming aware or is reasonably assumed to have become aware of such damage to his or her civil rights and interests, institute actions at the people's court that issues the judgment, ruling or conciliation statement. If the people's court finds that the claims are tenable, it shall alter or revoke such judgment, ruling or conciliation statement; if the claims of the third party are untenable, the people's court shall reject the claims of the third party.
前两款规定的第三人，因不能归责于本人的事由未参加诉讼，但有证据证明发生法律效力的判决、裁定、调解书的部分或者全部内容错误，损害其民事权益的，可以自知道或者应当知道其民事权益受到损害之日起六个月内，向作出该判决、裁定、调解书的人民法院提起诉讼。人民法院经审理，诉讼请求成立的，应当改变或者撤销原判决、裁定、调解书；诉讼请求不成立的，驳回诉讼请求。
Section 2 Agents Ad Litem
第二节 诉讼代理人
Article 57 A person with no capacity to engage in litigation shall be represented in an action by his or her guardians, who shall act as his or her statutory agents. If the statutory agents shift onto one another the responsibility to act as agents, the people's court shall appoint one of them to represent the principal in the action.
第五十七条 无诉讼行为能力人由他的监护人作为法定代理人代为诉讼。法定代理人之间互相推诿代理责任的，由人民法院指定其中一人代为诉讼。
Article 58 A party or statutory agent may appoint one or two persons to act as his or her agent ad litem(s).
第五十八条 当事人、法定代理人可以委托一至二人作为诉讼代理人。
The following persons may be entrusted as agents ad litem of a party to a lawsuit:
下列人员可以被委托为诉讼代理人：
(1) lawyers and basic legal service workers;
（一）律师、基层法律服务工作者；
(2) close relatives or employees of the party to the case;
（二）当事人的近亲属或者工作人员；
(3) citizens recommended by the community where the party resides, the employer of the party or any other social organization concerned.
（三）当事人所在社区、单位以及有关社会团体推荐的公民。
Article 59 When a person entrusts another person to represent him or her in an action, he or she shall submit to the people's court a power of attorney bearing his or her signature or seal.
第五十九 条委托他人代为诉讼，必须向人民法院提交由委托人签名或者盖章的授权委托书。
A power of attorney must specify the subject matter and limits of authority granted. An agent ad litem shall possess special authorization from his or her principal to admit, waive or modify claims, to reach a settlement, to file a counterclaim or to lodge an appeal on behalf of his or her principal.
授权委托书必须记明委托事项和权限。诉讼代理人代为承认、放弃、变更诉讼请求，进行和解，提起反诉或者上诉，必须有委托人的特别授权。
A power of attorney sent from abroad or delivered under the care of others by a citizen of the People's Republic of China residing abroad must be certified by the embassy or a consulate of the People's Republic of China in that country. Where there is no embassy or consulate of the People's Republic of China in that country the power of attorney shall be certified by an embassy or a consulate in that country of a third country that has diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China, and then transferred for authentication to the embassy or a consulate of the People's Republic of China in that third country, or by a local patriotic overseas Chinese organization.
侨居在国外的中华人民共和国公民从国外寄交或者托交的授权委托书，必须经中华人民共和国驻该国的使领馆证明；没有使领馆的，由与中华人民共和国有外交关系的第三国驻该国的使领馆证明，再转由中华人民共和国驻该第三国使领馆证明，或者由当地的爱国华侨团体证明。
Article 60 If a party modifies or revokes the authority granted to its agent ad litem, it shall inform the people's court in writing and the people's court shall inform the other party.
第六十条 诉讼代理人的权限如果变更或者解除，当事人应当书面告知人民法院，并由人民法院通知对方当事人。
Article 61 Lawyers and other agents ad litem who serve as persons ad litem to a case shall have the right to investigate and collect evidence, and may have access to the materials relating to the case. The scope and method of accessing materials relating to the case shall be determined by the Supreme People's Court.
第六十一条 代理诉讼的律师和其他诉讼代理人有权调查收集证据，可以查阅本案有关材料。查阅本案有关材料的范围和办法由最高人民法院规定。
Article 62 Where a party to a divorce case is represented by the agent ad litem, the party shall still appear in court, unless he or she is incapable of expressing himself or herself. A party who is truly unable to appear in court due to special reasons shall present his or her opinion in writing to the people's court.
第六十二条 离婚案件有诉讼代理人的，本人除不能表达意思的以外，仍应出庭；确因特殊情况无法出庭的，必须向人民法院提交书面意见。
Chapter VI Evidence
第六章证据
Article 63 Evidence shall comprise the following categories:
第六十三条 证据包括：
(1) statements of the parties;
（一）当事人的陈述；
(2) documentary evidence;
（二）书证；
(3) physical evidence;
（三）物证；
(4) audio-visual materials;
（四）视听资料；
(5) electronic data;
（五）电子数据；
(6) testimony of witnesses;
（六）证人证言；
(7) expert opinions; and
（七）鉴定意见；
(8) records of inspections and examinations.
（八）勘验笔录。
Any of the above-mentioned evidence must be verified before it can be taken as the ground for ascertaining facts.
证据必须查证属实，才能作为认定事实的根据。
Article 64 A party shall be responsible for providing evidence in support of his or her allegations.
第六十四条 当事人对自己提出的主张，有责任提供证据。
Where a party and his or her agent ad litem are unable to collect evidence on their own for reasons beyond their control, or where the people's court deems that the evidence is necessary for the trial of the case, the people's court shall investigate and collect the evidence.
当事人及其诉讼代理人因客观原因不能自行收集的证据，或者人民法院认为审理案件需要的证据，人民法院应当调查收集。
The people's court shall thoroughly and objectively investigate and verify evidence in accordance with legal procedures.
人民法院应当按照法定程序，全面地、客观地审查核实证据。
Article 65 A party shall provide evidence in a timely manner for his or her claims.
第六十五条 当事人对自己提出的主张应当及时提供证据。
The people's court shall, based on the claims of the parties to the case and the circumstances of the hearing of the case, determine the evidence that a party is required to provide and the corresponding time limit. Where it is difficult for a party to provide such evidence within the time limit prescribed, the party may apply to the people's court for an extension of time. The people's court may grant an appropriate extension of time based on the application of the party. Where a party fails to provide the required evidence within the prescribed time limit, the people's court shall order the party to provide reasons for such failure; where the party refuses to provide reasons, or the reason provided is not tenable, the people's court may, in accordance with the actual circumstances, either reject the evidence or accept the evidence but with a reprimand or fine imposed on the party.
人民法院根据当事人的主张和案件审理情况，确定当事人应当提供的证据及其期限。当事人在该期限内提供证据确有困难的，可以向人民法院申请延长期限，人民法院根据当事人的申请适当延长。当事人逾期提供证据的，人民法院应当责令其说明理由；拒不说明理由或者理由不成立的，人民法院根据不同情形可以不予采纳该证据，或者采纳该证据但予以训诫、罚款。
Article 66 When a people's court receives the evidence provided by a party, it shall issue a receipt, stating the name, number of pages and copies, whether the evidence is an original or duplicate as well as the time and date of receipt, and shall be signed or sealed by the officer in charge.
第六十六条 人民法院收到当事人提交的证据材料，应当出具收据，写明证据名称、页数、份数、原件或者复印件以及收到时间等，并由经办人员签名或者盖章。
Article 67 The people's court shall have the right to investigate and take evidence from the relevant entities or individuals, and such entities or individuals shall not refuse to cooperate.
第六十七条 人民法院有权向有关单位和个人调查取证，有关单位和个人不得拒绝。
The people's court shall examine and determine the authenticity and validity of documentary evidence provided by relevant entities and individuals.
人民法院对有关单位和个人提出的证明文书，应当辨别真伪，审查确定其效力。
Article 68 Evidence shall be presented in court and cross-examined by the parties. Evidence involving State secrets, trade secrets or private matters of individuals shall be kept confidential. If it needs to be presented in court, such evidence shall not be presented in a public court session.
第六十八条 证据应当在法庭上出示，并由当事人互相质证。对涉及国家秘密、商业秘密和个人隐私的证据应当保密，需要在法庭出示的，不得在公开开庭时出示。
Article 69 The people's court shall admit legal facts and documents that are notarized in accordance with applicable legal procedures as its grounds for ascertaining facts, unless there is evidence to the contrary sufficient to invalidate the notarization.
第六十九条 经过法定程序公证证明的法律事实和文书，人民法院应当作为认定事实的根据，但有相反证据足以推翻公证证明的除外。
Article 70 Documentary evidence shall be presented in its original form. When presenting physical evidence, the original object shall be presented. If it is truly difficult to present the original document or object, then reproductions, photographs, duplicates or extracts of the original may be presented.
第七十条 书证应当提交原件。物证应当提交原物。提交原件或者原物确有困难的，可以提交复制品、照片、副本、节录本。
Where documentary evidence in a foreign language is to be submitted, it must be accompanied by a Chinese translation.
提交外文书证，必须附有中文译本。
Article 71 The people's court shall verify the authenticity of audio-visual materials and determine, in the light of other evidence in the case, whether they can be taken as a basis for ascertaining facts.
第七十一条 人民法院对视听资料，应当辨别真伪，并结合本案的其他证据，审查确定能否作为认定事实的根据。
Article 72 All entities and individuals that have knowledge of the circumstances of a case shall be obliged to give testimony in court. The persons in charge of the relevant entities shall support the witnesses in testifying.
第七十二条 凡是知道案件情况的单位和个人，都有义务出庭作证。有关单位的负责人应当支持证人作证。
An individual that is incapable of expressing oneself accurately shall not be allowed to give testimony.
不能正确表达意思的人，不能作证。
Article 73 A witness shall testify in court upon notification by a people's court. A witness may testify by way of written testimony, via audio-visual transmission technology or by audio-visual testimony if he or she is:
第七十三条 经人民法院通知，证人应当出庭作证。有下列情形之一的，经人民法院许可，可以通过书面证言、视听传输技术或者视听资料等方式作证：
(1) unable to appear in court due to health reasons;
（一）因健康原因不能出庭的；
(2) unable to appear in court due to geographical distance or inconvenient transport;
（二）因路途遥远，交通不便不能出庭的；
(3) unable to appear in court due to force majeure such as natural disasters; and
（三）因自然灾害等不可抗力不能出庭的；
(4) unable to appear in court due to any other legitimate reasons.
（四）其他有正当理由不能出庭的。
Article 74 The necessary costs and expenses incurred by a witness in connection with the fulfillment of an obligation to give testimony in court, including for transport, accommodation and meals, as well as loss of salary or wage, shall be borne by the losing party of the case. Where a party applies for testimony given by a witness, the abovementioned costs and expenses shall be borne by the party in advance; where the people's court notifies a witness to give testimony without the application by any party, the costs and expenses shall be borne by the people's court in advance.
第七十四条 证人因履行出庭作证义务而支出的交通、住宿、就餐等必要费用以及误工损失，由败诉一方当事人负担。当事人申请证人作证的，由该当事人先行垫付；当事人没有申请，人民法院通知证人作证的，由人民法院先行垫付。
Article 75 The people's court shall investigate and determine, in the light of other evidence of the case, whether the statements of a party can be taken as the ground for ascertaining facts.
第七十五条 人民法院对当事人的陈述，应当结合本案的其他证据，审查确定能否作为认定事实的根据。
Refusal by a party to make a statement shall not affect the ascertainment of the facts of the case by the people's court on the basis of the evidence of the case.
当事人拒绝陈述的，不影响人民法院根据证据认定案件事实。
Article 76 A party may apply to a people's court for the examination of a specialized issue for the verification of a fact. When a party so applies, both parties shall determine a qualified expert through negotiation; where such negotiation fails, the people's court shall designate an expert.
第七十六条 当事人可以就查明事实的专门性问题向人民法院申请鉴定。当事人申请鉴定的，由双方当事人协商确定具备资格的鉴定人；协商不成的，由人民法院指定。
Where parties do not apply for examination but the people's court deems it necessary to examine a specialized issue, it shall appoint a qualified expert to conduct the examination.
当事人未申请鉴定，人民法院对专门性问题认为需要鉴定的，应当委托具备资格的鉴定人进行鉴定。
Article 77 An expert has the right to consult the materials necessary for the examination and may question parties and witnesses where necessary.
第七十七条 鉴定人有权了解进行鉴定所需要的案件材料，必要时可以询问当事人、证人。
The expert shall issue a written expert opinion duly signed or sealed by that expert.
鉴定人应当提出书面鉴定意见，在鉴定书上签名或者盖章。
Article 78 Where a party objects to the expert opinion or where the people's court deems it necessary, the expert shall testify in court. Where upon notification by the people's court, the expert refuses to testify in court, the written expert opinion of the expert shall not be adopted as a factual basis for the case, and the party that bears the costs and expenses in connection with the examination may require the reimbursement of the costs and expenses incurred for the expert opinion.
第七十八条 当事人对鉴定意见有异议或者人民法院认为鉴定人有必要出庭的，鉴定人应当出庭作证。经人民法院通知，鉴定人拒不出庭作证的，鉴定意见不得作为认定事实的根据；支付鉴定费用的当事人可以要求返还鉴定费用。
Article 79 A party may apply to a people's court to notify person(s) with specialized expertise to appear in court and provide opinions on an expert's opinions or specialized issues.
第七十九条 当事人可以申请人民法院通知有专门知识的人出庭，就鉴定人作出的鉴定意见或者专业问题提出意见。
Article 80 When carrying out an inspection of physical evidence or a site, the inspector must show the identification document issued by the people's court and invite local basic-level organizations or the entities where the parties work to send representatives to participate in the examination. Parties to the case or an adult member of parties' family shall be present. Such person's refusal to attend on the scene shall not affect the conduct of the examination.
第八十条 勘验物证或者现场，勘验人必须出示人民法院的证件，并邀请当地基层组织或者当事人所在单位派人参加。当事人或者当事人的成年家属应当到场，拒不到场的，不影响勘验的进行。
Upon notification by the people's court, relevant entities and individuals shall be obliged to protect the site and to assist the examination work.
有关单位和个人根据人民法院的通知，有义务保护现场，协助勘验工作。
An inspector shall prepare a written record of the circumstances and results of the examination, which shall be signed or sealed by the inspector, the parties to the case and the invited participants.
勘验人应当将勘验情况和结果制作笔录，由勘验人、当事人和被邀参加人签名或者盖章。
Article 81 Where it is likely that evidence may be destroyed, lost or become difficult to obtain later on, a party may apply to the people's court in the course of the lawsuit for the preservation of the evidence. The people's court may also take initiative to preserve such evidence.
第八十一条 在证据可能灭失或者以后难以取得的情况下，当事人可以在诉讼过程中向人民法院申请保全证据，人民法院也可以主动采取保全措施。
In the case of an emergency event where it is likely that an evidence may be destroyed, lost or become difficult to obtain later on, an interested party may, prior to instituting a lawsuit or applying for arbitration, apply to the people's court of the place where the evidence is located or of the domicile of the party against which the application is made, or the people's court with jurisdiction over the case, to preserve the evidence.
因情况紧急，在证据可能灭失或者以后难以取得的情况下，利害关系人可以在提起诉讼或者申请仲裁前向证据所在地、被申请人住所地或者对案件有管辖权的人民法院申请保全证据。
The provisions in Chapter IX of the Law concerning evidence preservation shall apply mutatis mutandis to other procedures concerning evidence preservation.
证据保全的其他程序，参照适用本法第九章保全的有关规定。
Chapter VII Time Periods and Service
第七章期间、送达
Section 1 Time Periods
第一节 期 间
Article 82 Time periods include statutory time periods and time periods designated by the people's courts.
第八十二条 期间包括法定期间和人民法院指定的期间。
Time periods shall be calculated in hours, days, months and years. The hour and day from which a time period commences shall not be counted within such time period.
期间以时、日、月、年计算。期间开始的时和日，不计算在期间内。
Where the expiration date of a time period falls on a holiday, the day immediately following the holiday shall be the expiration date.
期间届满的最后一日是节假日的，以节假日后的第一日为期间届满的日期。
A time period shall not include transit time. Procedural documents mailed before the expiration of the time period shall not be deemed overdue.
期间不包括在途时间，诉讼文书在期满前交邮的，不算过期。
Article 83 If a party exceeds a time limit due to an event of force majeure or for other legitimate reasons, the party may apply for an extension of the time period within ten days after the removal of the obstacles. The application for extension of time shall be subject to the approval by the people's court.
第八十三条 当事人因不可抗拒的事由或者其他正当理由耽误期限的，在障碍消除后的十日内，可以申请顺延期限，是否准许，由人民法院决定。
Section 2 Service
第二节 送 达
Article 84 Service of any procedural document must be evidenced by an acknowledgement of service. The person served shall clearly state the date of receipt on the acknowledgement of service, and affix his or her signature or seal to it.
第八十四条 送达诉讼文书必须有送达回证，由受送达人在送达回证上记明收到日期，签名或者盖章。
The date of the signature for receipt as entered on the acknowledgement of service by the person served shall be the date of service.
受送达人在送达回证上的签收日期为送达日期。
Article 85 A procedural document shall be served directly on the person to be served. If the person to be served is a citizen, the document shall, in case of his or her absence, be delivered to an adult member of his or her family living with him or her, who shall sign for the same. If the person to be served is a legal person or other organizations, the document shall be signed for receipt by the legal representative of the legal person or by the officer in charge of the organization, or by the legal person's or organization's person in charge of receiving documents. If the person to be served has an agent ad litem, the document may be served on his or her agent ad litem who shall sign for the same. If the person to be served has notified the people's court of his or her designation of an agent to receive documents on his or her behalf, the document may be served on the agent, who shall sign for the same.
第八十五条 送达诉讼文书，应当直接送交受送达人。受送达人是公民的，本人不在交他的同住成年家属签收；受送达人是法人或者其他组织的，应当由法人的法定代表人、其他组织的主要负责人或者该法人、组织负责收件的人签收；受送达人有诉讼代理人的，可以送交其代理人签收；受送达人已向人民法院指定代收人的，送交代收人签收。
The date of the signature for receipt as entered on the acknowledgement of service by an adult family member of the person to be served who is living with such person, by the legal person's or organization's person in charge of receiving documents, by the agent ad litem or the agent designated to receive documents shall be the date of service.
受送达人的同住成年家属，法人或者其他组织的负责收件的人，诉讼代理人或者代收人在送达回证上签收的日期为送达日期。
Article 86 If a party on which a procedural document is served or any of his or her adult family members living with such party refuses to accept the document, the person serving the document may invite representatives of the relevant basic-level organization or the entity of the party to be served to come to the scene, explain the situation to them, and record the date and reasons of the refusal on the acknowledgement of service. After the person serving the document and the witnesses affixed their signatures or seals on the acknowledgement of service, the document may be left at the domicile of the party and the service process shall be recorded by means such as photography or video-taping, after which the service shall be deemed served.
第八十六条 受送达人或者他的同住成年家属拒绝接收诉讼文书的，送达人可以邀请有关基层组织或者所在单位的代表到场，说明情况，在送达回证上记明拒收事由和日期，由送达人、见证人签名或者盖章，把诉讼文书留在受送达人的住所；也可以把诉讼文书留在受送达人的住所，并采用拍照、录像等方式记录送达过程，即视为送达。
Article 87 Subject to the consent of the person on which a procedural document is to be served, the document may be served by way of facsimile, electronic mail or any other means through which the receipt of the document may be acknowledged, with the exception of judgments, rulings and mediation statements.
第八十七条 经受送达人同意，人民法院可以采用传真、电子邮件等能够确认其收悉的方式送达诉讼文书，但判决书、裁定书、调解书除外。
Where a procedural document is served by any of the means listed in the preceding paragraph, the date the faxed or e-mailed document reached the designated system of the party shall be deemed as the date of service.
采用前款方式送达的，以传真、电子邮件等到达受送达人特定系统的日期为送达日期。
Article 88 Where direct service of a procedural service proves difficult, service of the document may be entrusted to another people's court or effected by post. If a document is served by post, the date as stated on the receipt shall be the date of service.
第八十八条 直接送达诉讼文书有困难的，可以委托其他人民法院代为送达，或者邮寄送达。邮寄送达的，以回执上注明的收件日期为送达日期。
Article 89 If the person to be served is a military person, the document shall be forwarded to him or her by the political organ of or above his or her regiment.
第八十九条 受送达人是军人的，通过其所在部队团以上单位的政治机关转交。
Article 90 Where a person on whom a document is to be served is imprisoned, the document shall be sent to the prison authority in which the person is held for onward transmission to the recipient.
第九十条 受送达人被监禁的，通过其所在监所转交。
Where the person on whom a document is to be served is undergoing compulsory correction, the document shall be sent to the compulsory correctional facility in which the person is situated for onward transmission to the person.
受送达人被采取强制性教育措施的，通过其所在强制性教育机构转交。
Article 91 A authority or entity that is entrusted to forward the document must, immediately upon receiving a procedural document, deliver the document to the person to be served, who shall sign the same. The date of signature for receipt as entered on the acknowledgement of service shall be the date of service.
第九十一条 代为转交的机关、单位收到诉讼文书后，必须立即交受送达人签收，以在送达回证上的签收日期，为送达日期。
Article 92 If the whereabouts of the person to be served are unknown, or if a document cannot be served by any other method provided for in this Section, the document shall be served by public announcement. The document shall be deemed to have been served when 60 days have elapsed since the date of the public announcement.
第九十二条 受送达人下落不明，或者用本节规定的其他方式无法送达的，公告送达。自发出公告之日起，经过六十日，即视为送达。
Where service is effected by public announcement, the reason for doing so and the steps taken shall be recorded in the case file.
公告送达，应当在案卷中记明原因和经过。
Chapter VIII Conciliation
第八章调解
Article 93 In trying civil cases, a people's court shall distinguish right from wrong and conduct conciliation in accordance with the principle of voluntary participation of the parties and on the basis of clear facts.
第九十三条 人民法院审理民事案件，根据当事人自愿的原则，在事实清楚的基础上，分清是非，进行调解。
Article 94 Conciliation conducted by a people's court may be presided over by a single judge or by a collegiate bench. Conciliation shall be conducted locally whenever possible.
第九十四条 人民法院进行调解，可以由审判员一人主持，也可以由合议庭主持，并尽可能就地进行。
When conducting conciliation, a people's court may use a simplified method to notify the parties and witnesses to appear in court.
人民法院进行调解，可以用简便方式通知当事人、证人到庭。
Article 95 When conducting conciliation, a people's court may request for the assistance of relevant entities and individuals. The entities and individuals invited shall assist the people's court in the conciliation.
第九十五条 人民法院进行调解，可以邀请有关单位和个人协助。被邀请的单位和个人，应当协助人民法院进行调解。
Article 96 A conciliation agreement shall be reached by the parties voluntarily, and shall not be coerced. The contents of a conciliation agreement shall not violate the law.
第九十六条 调解达成协议，必须双方自愿，不得强迫。调解协议的内容不得违反法律规定。
Article 97 Where a conciliation agreement is reached, the people's court shall prepare a written mediation statement, stating the claims, the facts of the case and the result of the conciliation.
第九十七条 调解达成协议，人民法院应当制作调解书。调解书应当写明诉讼请求、案件的事实和调解结果。
The written conciliation statement shall be signed by the judicial officers and the court clerk, be affixed with the seal of the people's court and shall be served on both parties.
调解书由审 判人员、书记员署名，加盖人民法院印章，送达双方当事人。
A written conciliation statement shall come into force immediately upon signatures by both parties.
调解书经双方当事人签收后，即具有法律效力。
Article 98 The people's court need not prepare a written conciliation statement in the following types of cases when an agreement is reached through mediation:
第九十八条 下列案件调解达成协议，人民法院可以不制作调解书：
(1) divorce cases in which the parties have become reconciled through conciliation;
（一）调解和好的离婚案件；
(2) cases in which an adoptive relationship has been maintained through conciliation;
（二）调解维持收养关系的案件；
(3) cases in which the agreements can be performed immediately; and
（三）能够即时履行的案件；
(4) other cases that do not require written conciliation statements.
（四）其他不需要制作调解书的案件。
An agreement that does not require a written conciliation statement shall be set down in the written record and shall come into force immediately upon signatures or seals by both parties, the judicial officers and the court clerk.
对不需要制作调解书的协议，应当记入笔录，由双方当事人、审判人员、书记员签名或者盖章后，即具有法律效力。
Article 99 If no agreement is reached through mediation or if one party repudiates the agreement prior to service of the mediation settlement, the people's court shall promptly make a judgment.
第九十九条 调解未达成协议或者调解书送达前一方反悔的，人民法院应当及时判决。
Chapter IX Property Preservation and Preliminary Execution
第九章保全和先予执行
Article 100 Where the judgment on the case may become impossible to enforce or such judgment may cause damage to a party because of the conduct of the other party to the case or because of any other reason, the people's court may, upon the request of the said party, order the preservation of the property of the other party, specific performance or injunction; in the absence of such request, the people's court may, where it deems necessary, may also order property preservation measures.
第一百条 人民法院对于可能因当事人一方的行为或者其他原因，使判决难以执行或者造成当事人其他损害的案件，根据对方当事人的申请，可以裁定对其财产进行保全、责令其作出一定行为或者禁止其作出一定行为；当事人没有提出申请的，人民法院在必要时也可以裁定采取保全措施。
Where a people's court adopts any preservation measure, it may order the applicant to provide security; where the party refuses to provide such security, the court shall reject the application.
人民法院采取保全措施，可以责令申请人提供担保，申请人不提供担保的，裁定驳回申请。
Where a people's court receives an application for preservation in an emergency, it shall decide within 48 hours after the receipt of the application; if the court accepts the application, such measures shall come into force immediately.
人民法院接受申请后，对情况紧急的，必须在四十八小时内作出裁定；裁定采取保全措施的，应当立即开始执行。
Article 101 Where an interested party whose legitimate rights and interests, due to an emergency, would suffer irreparable damage if the party fails to petition for property preservation promptly, may, before instituting a lawsuit or applying for arbitration, apply to the people's court at the locality of the property, the domicile of the party on which the application is made, or the people's court with jurisdiction over the case, for the property preservation measures. The applicant shall provide security for such application; where the party fails to provide such security, the court shall reject the application.
第一百零一条 利害关系人因情况紧急，不立即申请保全将会使其合法权益受到难以弥补的损害的，可以在提起诉讼或者申请仲裁前向被保全财产所在地、被申请人住所地或者对案件有管辖权的人民法院申请采取保全措施。申请人应当提供担保，不提供担保的，裁定驳回申请。
When a people's court receives an application for preservation, it shall decide within 48 hours after the receipt of the application; if the court accepts the application, the preservation measures shall come into force immediately.
人民法院接受申请后，必须在四十八小时内作出裁定；裁定采取保全措施的，应当立即开始执行。
Where the applicant fails to institute lawsuit or apply for arbitration in accordance with the law within 30 days after the people's court adopts preservation measures, the people's court shall revoke the preservation order.
申请人在人民法院采取保全措施后三十日内不依法提起诉讼或者申请仲裁的，人民法院应当解除保全。
Article 102 Preservation shall be limited to the scope under the application or to the property related to the case in question.
第一百零二条 保全限于请求的范围，或者与本案有关的财物。
Article 103 Property preservation may be in the form of seizure, detainment, freezing of property or by any other means prescribed by the law. When a people's court grants property preservation, it shall promptly notify the party whose property is subject to preservation.
第一百零三条 财产保全采取查封、扣押、冻结或者法律规定的其他方法。人民法院保全财产后，应当立即通知被保全财产的人。
Property that has already been seized or frozen may not be seized or frozen again.
财产已被查封、冻结的，不得重复查封、冻结。
Article 104 If the person against whom the application is made provides security in a case concerning property dispute, the people's court shall cease the preservation order.
第一百零四条 财产纠纷案件，被申请人提供担保的，人民法院应当裁定解除保全。
Article 105 If an application is made wrongfully, the applicant shall compensate the person against whom the application is made for any loss incurred as a result of the preservation of property.
第一百零五条 申请有错误的，申请人应当赔偿被申请人因保全所遭受的损失。
Article 106 Upon the request of a party, a people's court may make a ruling for preliminary execution in the following cases:
第一百零六条 人民法院对下列案件，根据当事人的申请，可以裁定先予执行：
(1) those involving claims for overdue alimony, maintenance, child support, pensions for the disabled or the family of the deceased, or medical expenses;
（一）追索赡养费、扶养费、抚育费、抚恤金、医疗费用的；
(2) those involving claims for remuneration for labour; and
（二）追索劳动报酬的；
(3) those involving urgent circumstances that require preliminary execution.
（三）因情况紧急需要先予执行的。
Article 107 Cases in which a people's court makes a ruling for preliminary execution shall meet the following conditions
第一百零七条 人民法院裁定先予执行的，应当符合下列条件：
(1) The relationship of rights and obligations between the parties is evident and, without preliminary execution, the life, production activities or business operations of the applicant would be seriously affected; and
（一）当事人之间权利义务关系明确，不先予执行将严重影响申请人的生活或者生产经营的；
(2) The person against whom the application is made is capable of performing the ruling for preliminary execution.
（二）被申请人有履行能力。
The people's court may order the applicant to provide security. If the applicant fails to provide security, his or her application shall be rejected. The applicant losing the action shall compensate the person against whom the application is made for any loss of property incurred from the preliminary execution.
人民法院可以责令申请人提供担保，申请人不提供担保的，驳回申请。申请人败诉的，应当赔偿被申请人因先予执行遭受的财产损失。
Article 108 If a party is dissatisfied with a ruling for preservation of property or preliminary execution, he or she may apply once for review. Execution of the ruling shall not be suspended during the period of review.
第一百零八条 当事人对保全或者先予执行的裁定不服的，可以申请复议一次。复议期间不停止裁定的执行。
Chapter X Compulsory Measures against Obstruction of Civil Actions
第十章对妨害民事诉讼的强制措施
Article 109 Where a defendant who shall appear in court has been served a summons twice but refuses to appear in court without proper causes, the people's court may summon him or her by means of arrest.
第一百零九条 人民法院对必须到庭的被告，经两次传票传唤，无正当理由拒不到庭的，可以拘传。
Article 110 Participants in actions and other persons shall comply with court rules.
第一百一十条 诉讼参与人和其他人应当遵守法庭规则。
Persons who violate court rules may be reprimanded, ordered to leave the court, fined or detained by the people's court.
人民法院对违反法庭规则的人，可以予以训诫，责令退出法庭或者予以罚款、拘留。
Persons who seriously disrupt court order by making noises or creating uproar in the courtroom, or by insulting, slandering, threatening, or battering judicial officers, shall be prosecuted by the people's court in accordance with the law. If the offence is minor one, such offender may be fined or detained.
人民法院对哄闹、冲击法庭，侮辱、诽谤、威胁、殴打审判人员，严重扰乱法庭秩序的人，依法追究刑事责任；情节较轻的，予以罚款、拘留。
Article111 If a participant in an action or another person commits any of the following acts, the people's court may fine him or her or detain him or her according to the seriousness of the case; if the act constitutes a crime, the person shall be prosecuted in accordance with the law:
第一百一十一条 诉讼参与人或者其他人有下列行为之一的，人民法院可以根据情节轻重予以罚款、拘留；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任：
(1) forging or destroying important evidence, thereby obstructing the trial of the case by the people's court;
（一）伪造、毁灭重要证据，妨碍人民法院审理案件的；
(2) using violence, threats or subornation to prevent a witness from giving testimony, or instigating, suborning, or coercing others to commit perjury;
（二）以暴力、威胁、贿买方法阻止证人作证或者指使、贿买、胁迫他人作伪证的；
(3) concealing, removing, selling off or destroying property that has been sealed up or distrained, or that has been inventoried and placed in his or her custody by order, or moving assets that have been frozen;
（三）隐藏、转移、变卖、毁损已被查封、扣押的财产，或者已被清点并责令其保管的财产，转移已被冻结的财产的；
(4) insulting, slandering, falsely incriminating, battering or retaliating against judicial personnel, participants in the action, witnesses, interpreters, experts, inspectors, or personnel assisting in execution;
（四）对司法工作人员、诉讼参加人、证人、翻译人员、鉴定人、勘验人、协助执行的人，进行侮辱、诽谤、诬陷、殴打或者打击报复的；
(5) using violence, threats or other methods to obstruct judicial personnel from performing their duties; or
（五）以暴力、威胁或者其他方法阻碍司法工作人员执行职务的；
(6) refusing to perform a legally effective judgment or ruling of the people's court.
（六）拒不履行人民法院已经发生法律效力的判决、裁定的。
Where an entity commits any of the acts listed in the preceding paragraph, the people's court may impose a fine or period of detention on the head of the entity or the person directly responsible for the act. If the act constitutes a criminal offence, such person shall be prosecuted according to law.
人民法院对有前款规定的行为之一的单位，可以对其主要负责人或者直接责任人员予以罚款、拘留；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。
Article 112 Where more than two parties to a case maliciously collaborate among themselves for the purpose of infringing the legitimate rights and interests of any other party by making use of initiating lawsuits or mediation, the people's court shall reject the claims of such parties and order a fine or detention against such parties depending on the circumstances; where the violation on the part of the parties is suspected to constitute a crime, such parties shall be subject to criminal prosecution in accordance with the law.
第一百一十二条 当事人之间恶意串通，企图通过诉讼、调解等方式侵害他人合法权益的，人民法院应当驳回其请求，并根据情节轻重予以罚款、拘留；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。
Article 113 Where the party subject to enforcement maliciously collaborates with any other party to evade any of its legal obligations specified in the legal documents by way of lawsuit, arbitration or mediation, the people's court shall order a fine or detention against such parties depending on the circumstances; where the violation of the parties is suspected of constituting a crime, such parties shall be subject to criminal prosecution in accordance with the law.
第一百一十三条 被执行人与他人恶意串通，通过诉讼、仲裁、调解等方式逃避履行法律文书确定的义务的，人民法院应当根据情节轻重予以罚款、拘留；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。
Article 114 Where any of the following entities under an obligation to assist in investigation and execution commits any of the listed acts, the people's court may, in addition to ordering it to perform its assistance obligation, impose a fine:
第一百一十四条 有义务协助调查、执行的单位有下列行为之一的，人民法院除责令其履行协助义务外，并可以予以罚款：
(1) relevant entities that refuse to cooperate with or that obstruct the investigation or collection of evidence by the people's court;
（一）有关单位拒绝或者妨碍人民法院调查取证的；
(2) relevant entities that refuse to provide assistance in connection with the inquiry, seizure, freezing, transfer or appraisal of property after receiving the notice of the people's court requiring such assistance;
（二）有关单位接到人民法院协助执行通知书后，拒不协助查询、扣押、冻结、划拨、变价财产的；
(3) relevant entities that, after receiving a notice from the people's court to assist in execution, refuse to assist in withholding the revenue of the person subject to execution, or in transferring the relevant title deeds, or in passing on the relevant negotiable instruments, certificates, or other property; or
（三）有关单位接到人民法院协助执行通知书后，拒不协助扣留被执行人的收入、办理有关财产权证照转移手续、转交有关票证、证照或者其他财产的；
(4) other entities that refuse to assist in execution.
（四）其他拒绝协助执行的。
A people's court may fine the principally responsible person or any other person directly responsible for an entity that commits any of the acts described in the preceding paragraph; the people's court may detain any person that refuses to carry out his or her duty to assist and submit a judicial proposal to the supervisory authorities or other relevant authorities suggesting the imposition of disciplinary sanctions.
人民法院对有前款规定的行为之一的单位，可以对其主要负责人或者直接责任人员予以罚款；对仍不履行协助义务的，可以予以拘留；并可以向监察机关或者有关机关提出予以纪律处分的司法建议。
Article 115 A fine imposed against an individual shall be less than CNY100,000. A fine imposed against an entity shall be more than CNY50,000 and less than CNY1 million.
第一百一十五条 对个人的罚款金额，为人民币十万元以下。对单位的罚款金额，为人民币五万元以上一百万元以下。
A period of detention shall not be longer than 15 days.
拘留的期限，为十五日以下。
The people's court shall deliver detainees to the custody of the public security authority. If a detainee admits and corrects his or her wrongdoings during the period of detention, the people's court may decide to grant an early release.
被拘留的人，由人民法院交公安机关看管。在拘留期间，被拘留人承认并改正错误的，人民法院可以决定提前解除拘留。
Article 116 Summoning a person by means of arrest, the imposition of a fine and detention shall be subject to approval by the court presidents.
第一百一十六条 拘传、罚款、拘留必须经院长批准。
Summoning a person by means of arrest shall require the issue of an arrest warrant.
拘传应当发拘传票。
Written decisions shall be issued for the imposition of fines and detention. If an offender is dissatisfied with a decision, he or she may apply once to the immediate superior people's court for review. Execution of the decision shall not be suspended during the period of review.
罚款、拘留应当用决定书。对决定不服的，可以向上一级人民法院申请复议一次。复议期间不停止执行。
Article 117 Decisions on the adoption of compulsory measures against obstruction of civil actions must be made by the people's court. Any entity or individual that seeks performance of an obligation by illegal detention of a person or by illegal, private distrainment of another's property shall be prosecuted in accordance with the law, or shall be detained or fined.
第一百一十七条 采取对妨害民事诉讼的强制措施必须由人民法院决定。任何单位和个人采取非法拘禁他人或者非法私自扣押他人财产追索债务的，应当依法追究刑事责任，或者予以拘留、罚款。
Chapter XI Litigation Costs
第十一章诉讼费用
Article 118 Parties engaged in civil litigation shall pay a case acceptance fee in accordance with regulations. In property cases, the parties shall also pay other litigation costs in addition to the case acceptance fee.
第一百一十八条 当事人进行民事诉讼，应当按照规定交纳案件受理费。财产案件除交纳案件受理费外，并按照规定交纳其他诉讼费用。
Where a party truly has difficulty in paying litigation costs, it may, in accordance with regulations, apply to the people's court for deferment, reduction or exemption of payment.
当事人交纳诉讼费用确有困难的，可以按照规定向人民法院申请缓交、减交或者免交。
The methods for charging costs shall be formulated separately.
收取诉讼费用的办法另行制定。
Part Two Trial Procedure
第二编审判程序
Chapter XII Ordinary Procedure at First Instance
第十二章第一审普通程序
Section 1 Institution and Acceptance of Actions
第一节 起诉和受理
Article 119 To institute an action, the following conditions must be satisfied:
第一百一十九条 起诉必须符合下列条件：
(1) the plaintiff must be a citizen, legal person or other organization with a direct interest in the case;
（一）原告是与本案有直接利害关系的公民、法人和其他组织；
(2) there must be a specific defendant;
（二）有明确的被告；
(3) there must be a specific claim and a specific factual basis and grounds; and
（三）有具体的诉讼请求和事实、理由；
(4) the action must fall within the range of civil actions accepted by the people's courts and within the jurisdiction of the people's court with which it is filed.
（四）属于人民法院受理民事诉讼的范围和受诉人民法院管辖。
Article 120 When instituting an action, a statement of claim shall be submitted to the people's court, copies of which shall be provided according to the number of defendants.
第一百二十条 起诉应当向人民法院递交起诉状，并按照被告人数提出副本。
If a plaintiff truly has difficulty in writing a statement of claim, he or she may lodge the claim verbally. The people's court shall transcribe such verbal complaint and notify the opposing party.
书写起诉状确有困难的，可以口头起诉，由人民法院记入笔录，并告知对方当事人。
Article 121 A statement of claim shall specify the following:
第一百二十一条 起诉状应当记明下列事项：
(1) the plaintiff's name, gender, age, ethnicity, occupation, employer, domicile and contact information; in the event that the plaintiff is a legal person or an organization of any other form, the name and domicile of the legal person or organization, the name, title and contact information of the legal representative or principally responsible person thereof shall be provided;
（一）原告的姓名、性别、年龄、民族、职业、工作单位、住所、联系方式，法人或者其他组织的名称、住所和法定代表人或者主要负责人的姓名、职务、联系方式；
(2) the defendant's name, gender, employer and domicile; in the event that the defendant is a legal person or an organization of any other form, its name and domicile shall be provided;
（二）被告的姓名、性别、工作单位、住所等信息，法人或者其他组织的名称、住所等信息；
(3) the claim and its supporting facts and grounds; and
（三）诉讼请求和所根据的事实与理由；
(4) evidence and the source thereof, and the names and domiciles of witnesses.
（四）证据和证据来源，证人姓名和住所。
Article 122 Where mediation is appropriate in a civil lawsuit instituted by a party to a people's court, the parties should first go through mediation, provided that the parties to the dispute rejects mediation.
第一百二十二条 当事人起诉到人民法院的民事纠纷，适宜调解的，先行调解，但当事人拒绝调解的除外。
Article 123 The people's courts shall safeguard a party's right to institute an action in accordance with law. A people's court shall accept the action prescribed in Article 119 of the Law. If the people's court finds it satisfies the conditions for the institution of actions, the people's court shall place the action on its trial docket within seven days and notify the parties. If the people's court finds it does not satisfy the conditions for the institution of actions, the people's court shall rule within seven days not to accept the action. The plaintiff may appeal against such ruling if he or she is dissatisfied with the ruling.
第一百二十三条 人民法院应当保障当事人依照法律规定享有的起诉权利。对符合本法第一百一十九条的起诉，必须受理。符合起诉条件的，应当在七日内立案，并通知当事人；不符合起诉条件的，应当在七日内作出裁定书，不予受理；原告对裁定不服的，可以提起上诉。
Article 124 The people's courts shall handle the following actions according to the specific circumstances of the individual case:
第一百二十四条 人民法院对下列起诉，分别情形，予以处理：
(1) where an action falls within the scope of cases that may be accepted as administrative actions under the Law of the People's Republic of China on Administrative Proceedings, the plaintiff shall be notified that he or she should institute administrative action;
（一）依照行政诉讼法的规定，属于行政诉讼受案范围的，告知原告提起行政诉讼；
(2) where the parties have voluntarily and lawfully concluded a written arbitration agreement stipulating that disputes must be taken to an arbitration institution and that an action may not be initiated in the people's court, the plaintiff shall be notified that he should apply for arbitration to the arbitration institution;
（二）依照法律规定，双方当事人达成书面仲裁协议申请仲裁、不得向人民法院起诉的，告知原告向仲裁机构申请仲裁；
(3) where the law provides that the dispute shall be handled by another authority, the plaintiff shall be notified that he or she should apply for settlement of the dispute to the relevant authority;
（三）依照法律规定，应当由其他机关处理的争议，告知原告向有关机关申请解决；
(4) where the action does not come under the jurisdiction of the court with which it is filed, the plaintiff shall be notified that he or she should file the action with the people's court with jurisdiction;
（四）对不属于本院管辖的案件，告知原告向有管辖权的人民法院起诉；
(5) if a party to a case in which the judgment or ruling has become legally effective files a new action for the same case, the plaintiff shall be notified that the case will be handled as a petition for a review, provided that the ruling in question is a ruling by the people's court permitting recusal of the action;
（五）对判决、裁定、调解书已经发生法律效力的案件，当事人又起诉的，告知原告申请再审，但人民法院准许撤诉的裁定除外；
(6) where the law provides that no actions may be filed within a specified period and the action is filed within such period, it shall not be accepted; and
（六）依照法律规定，在一定期限内不得起诉的案件，在不得起诉的期限内起诉的，不予受理；
(7) in divorce cases, where a judgment has been made denying divorce or where the parties have become reconciled after mediation, and in cases where a judgment has been made to maintain an adoptive relationship or an adoptive relationship is maintained upon conciliation a new action filed for the same case by the plaintiff within six months shall not be accepted without new developments or grounds.
（七）判决不准离婚和调解和好的离婚案件，判决、调解维持收养关系的案件，没有新情况、新理由，原告在六个月内又起诉的，不予受理。
Section 2 Pretrial Preparations
第二节 审理前的准备
Article 125 The people's court shall deliver a copy of a statement of claim to the defendant within five days after the claim is filed; the defendant shall file a statement of defence within 15 days after receiving the copy of the statement of claim. The statement of defence shall contain the name, gender, age, ethnicity, occupation, employer, domicile and contact information of the defendant; in the event that the defendant is a legal person or an organization of any other form, the name and domicile of the legal person or organization, the name, title and contact information of the legal representative or principally responsible person thereof shall also be specified; The people's court shall deliver a copy of the statement of defence to the plaintiff within five days from the date when it receives the same.
第一百二十五条 人民法院应当在立案之日起五日内将起诉状副本发送被告，被告应当在收到之日起十五日内提出答辩状。答辩状应当记明被告的姓名、性别、年龄、民族、职业、工作单位、住所、联系方式；法人或者其他组织的名称、住所和法定代表人或者主要负责人的姓名、职务、联系方式。人民法院应当在收到答辩状之日起五日内将答辩状副本发送原告。
Failure by the defendant to provide a statement of defence does not affect the hearing of the case by the people's court.
被告不提出答辩状的，不影响人民法院审理。
Article 126 Where a people's court has decided to accept, it shall advise the parties orally, or in the notice of acceptance of the case and the notice of response to the action, of their litigation rights and obligations.
第一百二十六条 人民法院对决定受理的案件，应当在受理案件通知书和应诉通知书中向当事人告知有关的诉讼权利义务，或者口头告知。
Article 127 If a party objects to the jurisdiction over a case after its acceptance by a people's court, the party shall raise the objection during the time limit for filing the statement of defence. The people's court shall examine such objection. If the objection is tenable, the people's court shall rule that the case be referred to the people's court with jurisdiction over the case; if the objection is untenable, it shall be overruled.
第一百二十七条 人民法院受理案件后，当事人对管辖权有异议的，应当在提交答辩状期间提出。人民法院对当事人提出的异议，应当审查。异议成立的，裁定将案件移送有管辖权的人民法院；异议不成立的，裁定驳回。
Where the party does not raise any objection to the jurisdiction of the case and responds to the claim and enters defense, the party shall be deemed to have agreed that the people's court accepting the case has jurisdiction over the case, unless it is in violation of the provisions regarding jurisdiction by level and exclusive jurisdiction.
当事人未提出管辖异议，并应诉答辩的，视为受诉人民法院有管辖权，但违反级别管辖和专属管辖规定的除外。
Article 128 The parties shall be notified within three days after the members of the collegiate bench have been determined.
第一百二十八条 合议庭组成人员确定后，应当在三日内告知当事人。
Article 129 Judicial officers must conscientiously examine the materials relating to the action and investigate and collect the necessary evidence.
第一百二十九条 审判人员必须认真审核诉讼材料，调查收集必要的证据。
Article 130 Personnel sent by a people's court to conduct an investigation shall show their credentials to the person under investigation.
第一百三十条 人民法院派出人员进行调查时，应当向被调查人出示证件。
The written record of the investigation shall be checked by the person under investigation, which shall be signed or sealed by the person under investigation and the investigator.
调查笔录经被调查人校阅后，由被调查人、调查人签名或者盖章。
Article 131 When necessary, a people's court may entrust a people's court in another locality with an investigation.
第一百三十一条 人民法院在必要时可以委托外地人民法院调查。
When entrusting such other people's court, the entrusting people's court must clearly set out the matter to be investigated and its requirements. The entrusted people's court may conduct supplementary investigations on its own initiative.
委托调查，必须提出明确的项目和要求。受委托人民法院可以主动补充调查。
An entrusted people's court shall complete its investigation within 30 days after receipt of the letter of entrustment. If it cannot complete the investigation for reasons, it shall notify the entrusting people's court in writing within the above time limit.
受委托人民法院收到委托书后，应当在三十日内完成调查。因故不能完成的，应当在上述期限内函告委托人民法院。
Article 132 If a party who must participate in a joint action fails to participate in the same, the people's court shall notify him or her of participation in the action.
第一百三十二条 必须共同进行诉讼的当事人没有参加诉讼的，人民法院应当通知其参加诉讼。
Article 133 The people's courts shall handle the accepted cases according to the specific circumstances of the individual case:
第一百三十三条 人民法院对受理的案件，分别情形，予以处理：
(1) where the parties do not raise any objection, and the case meets the requirements prescribed in procedure for hastening recovery of debts, the procedure for the recovery of debts may be initiated on the case;
（一）当事人没有争议，符合督促程序规定条件的，可以转入督促程序；
(2) where mediation is appropriate for a case before the hearing of the case begins, the dispute shall be settled through mediation in a timely manner;
（二）开庭前可以调解的，采取调解方式及时解决纠纷；
(3) based on the circumstances of the case, it shall determine whether to apply the summary procedure or ordinary procedure; and
（三）根据案件情况，确定适用简易程序或者普通程序；
(4) where it is necessary to hold a hearing, the focus of dispute in the case shall be determined by ordering the parties to exchange evidence.
（四）需要开庭审理的，通过要求当事人交换证据等方式，明确争议焦点。
Section 3 Trial in Court
第三节 开庭审理
Article 134 People's courts shall try civil cases in public, except for those involving State secrets or private matters of individuals or otherwise stipulated in the law.
第一百三十四条 人民法院审理民事案件，除涉及国家秘密、个人隐私或者法律另有规定的以外，应当公开进行。
Divorce cases and cases that involve trade secrets may not be heard in public if a party so requests..
离婚案件，涉及商业秘密的案件，当事人申请不公开审理的，可以不公开审理。
Article 135 In trying civil cases, the people's courts shall conduct circuit trials to handle cases on the spot when necessary.
第一百三十五条 人民法院审理民事案件，根据需要进行巡回审理，就地办案。
Article 136 When trying a civil case, the people's court shall notify the parties and other participants in the action three days prior to the hearing. If the case is to be tried in public, the names of the parties, the cause of action and the time and place of the hearing shall be publicly announced.
第一百三十六条 人民法院审理民事案件，应当在开庭三日前通知当事人和其他诉讼参与人。公开审理的，应当公告当事人姓名、案由和开庭的时间、地点。
Article 137 Before holding a trial hearing, the court clerk shall ascertain the presence of the parties and the other participants in the action and announce the discipline of the court.
第一百三十七条 开庭审理前，书记员应当查明当事人和其他诉讼参与人是否到庭，宣布法庭纪律。
At the opening of a trial hearing, the presiding judge shall check the parties present, announce the cause of action, the names of the judicial officers and the name of the court clerk, advise the parties of their litigation rights and obligations and inquire whether the parties apply for recusal of any judicial officers.
开庭审理时，由审判长核对当事人，宣布案由，宣布审判人员、书记员名单，告知当事人有关的诉讼权利义务，询问当事人是否提出回避申请。
Article 138 Investigation in court shall be conducted in the following order:
第一百三十八条 法庭调查按照下列顺序进行：
(1) presentation of statements by the parties;
（一）当事人陈述；
(2) advising witnesses of their rights and obligations, giving testimony by the witnesses and reading out the depositions of absent witnesses;
（二）告知证人的权利义务，证人作证，宣读未到庭的证人证言；
(3) presentation of documentary evidence, physical evidence, audio-visual data and electronic data;
（三）出示书证、物证、视听资料和电子数据；
(4) reading out expert opinions; and
（四）宣读鉴定意见；
(5) reading out the record of the inquest.
（五）宣读勘验笔录。
Article 139 The parties may produce new evidence in court.
第一百三十九条 当事人在法庭上可以提出新的证据。
With the permission of the court, the parties may question the witnesses, experts and inspectors.
当事人经法庭许可，可以向证人、鉴定人、勘验人发问。
Any request by the parties concerned for a new investigation, expert evaluation or inspection shall be subject to the approval of the people's court.
当事人要求重新进行调查、鉴定或者勘验的，是否准许，由人民法院决定。
Article 140 If the plaintiff presents an additional claim, or the defendant brings a counterclaim or a third party presents a claim related to the case, such claim or counterclaim may be tried together.
第一百四十条 原告增加诉讼请求，被告提出反诉，第三人提出与本案有关的诉讼请求，可以合并审理。
Article 141 Court debates shall be conducted in the following order:
第一百四十一条 法庭辩论按照下列顺序进行：
(1) presentation of oral statements by the plaintiff and his or her agent ad litem;
（一）原告及其诉讼代理人发言；
(2) presentation of oral response by the defendant and his or her agent ad litem;
（二）被告及其诉讼代理人答辩；
(3) presentation of oral statement or response by the third party and his or her agent ad litem; and
（三）第三人及其诉讼代理人发言或者答辩；
(4) debate between the parties.
（四）互相辩论。
At the conclusion of the court debate, the presiding judge shall first ask the plaintiff, then the defendant and finally the third party to make their final comments.
法庭辩论终结，由审判长按照原告、被告、第三人的先后顺序征询各方最后意见。
Article 142 At the conclusion of the court debate, a judgment shall be made according to law. If possible, conciliation may be conducted prior to making a judgment. If conciliation is unsuccessful, a judgment shall promptly be made.
第一百四十二条 法庭辩论终结，应当依法作出判决。判决前能够调解的，还可以进行调解，调解不成的，应当及时判决。
Article 143 If a plaintiff has been served a summons but refuses without proper cause to appear in court, or if a plaintiff leaves the courtroom during the trial without the court's permission, he or she may be deemed to have withdrawn his or her lawsuit and, if the defendant has brought a counterclaim, a judgment by default may be made.
第一百四十三条 原告经传票传唤，无正当理由拒不到庭的，或者未经法庭许可中途退庭的，可以按撤诉处理；被告反诉的，可以缺席判决。
Article 144 If a defendant has been served a summons, but refuses without proper cause to appear in court or if a defendant leaves the courtroom during the trial without the court's permission, a judgment by default may be made.
第一百四十四条 被告经传票传唤，无正当理由拒不到庭的，或者未经法庭许可中途退庭的，可以缺席判决。
Article 145 If a plaintiff applies for withdrawal of action before judgment is pronounced, the people's court shall decide on whether or not to grant approval.
第一百四十五条 宣判前，原告申请撤诉的，是否准许，由人民法院裁定。
If the withdrawal of action has been denied by an order of the people's court, and the plaintiff, having been served a summons, refuses without proper cause to appear in court, a judgment by default may be made.
人民法院裁定不准许撤诉的，原告经传票传唤，无正当理由拒不到庭的，可以缺席判决。
Article 146 A trial hearing may be adjourned in any of the following circumstances:
第一百四十六条 有下列情形之一的，可以延期开庭审理：
(1) the parties or other participants in the action required to appear in court fail to do so with proper cause;
（一）必须到庭的当事人和其他诉讼参与人有正当理由没有到庭的；
(2) a party extemporarily challenges judicial officers;
（二）当事人临时提出回避申请的；
(3)where it is necessary to summon new witnesses to court, collect new evidence, make a new expert examination or inquest, or make a supplementary investigation; or
（三）需要通知新的证人到庭，调取新的证据，重新鉴定、勘验，或者需要补充调查的；
(4) other circumstances that require adjournment have arisen.
（四）其他应当延期的情形。
Article 147 The court clerk shall make a written record of all the activities during a trial hearing, which shall be signed by him or her and the judicial officers.
第一百四十七条 书记员应当将法庭审理的全部活动记入笔录，由审判人员和书记员签名。
The court record shall be read out in court or the parties and other participants in the action may be notified to read the court record in court or within five days. Where the parties or other participants in the action consider that there are omissions or errors in the record of their statements, they shall have the right to apply for addition or correction. Where such addition or correction is not made, the application shall be recorded in the case file.
法庭笔录应当当庭宣读，也可以告知当事人和其他诉讼参与人当庭或者在五日内阅读。当事人和其他诉讼参与人认为对自己的陈述记录有遗漏或者差错的，有权申请补正。如果不予补正，应当将申请记录在案。
The court record shall be signed or sealed by the parties and other participants in the action. Any refusal to do so shall be recorded in a note to be attached to the file.
法庭笔录由当事人和其他诉讼参与人签名或者盖章。拒绝签名盖章的，记明情况附卷。
Article 148 People's courts shall publicly pronounce their judgments in all cases, whether tried in public or not.
第一百四十八条 人民法院对公开审理或者不公开审理的案件，一律公开宣告判决。
Where a judgment is pronounced in court, the written judgment shall be dispatched within ten days. If a judgment is pronounced on a fixed date, the written judgment shall be issued immediately after the pronouncement.
当庭宣判的，应当在十日内发送判决书；定期宣判的，宣判后立即发给判决书。
Upon pronouncement of a judgment, the parties must be advised of their right to appeal, the time limit for appeal and the court with which an appeal should be lodged.
宣告判决时，必须告知当事人上诉权利、上诉期限和上诉的法院。
Upon pronouncement of a divorce judgment, the parties must be advised that they may not remarry before the judgment becomes legally effective.
宣告离婚判决，必须告知当事人在判决发生法律效力前不得另行结婚。
Article 149 when handling a case to which ordinary procedure is applicable, a people's court shall conclude the case within six months from the date of placing the case on file. Where an extension is required under special circumstances, a six-month extension may be given subject to the approval of the president of the court. Any further extension shall be reported to the people's court of higher level for approval.
第一百四十九条 人民法院适用普通程序审理的案件，应当在立案之日起六个月内审结。有特殊情况需要延长的，由本院院长批准，可以延长六个月；还需要延长的，报请上级人民法院批准。
Section 4 Suspension and Termination of Actions
第四节 诉讼中止和终结
Article 150 An action shall be suspended in any of the following circumstances:
第一百五十条 有下列情形之一的，中止诉讼：
(1) one of the parties dies and it is necessary to wait for his or her successor to state whether he or she wishes to participate in the action;
（一）一方当事人死亡，需要等待继承人表明是否参加诉讼的；
(2) one of the parties has lost the capacity to engage in litigation, and his or her statutory agent has not been determined yet;
（二）一方当事人丧失诉讼行为能力，尚未确定法定代理人的；
(3) the legal person or other organization acting as one of the parties has terminated, and the successor to its rights and obligations has not been determined yet;
（三）作为一方当事人的法人或者其他组织终止，尚未确定权利义务承受人的；
(4) one of the parties is unable to participate in the action due to an event of force majeure;
（四）一方当事人因不可抗拒的事由，不能参加诉讼的；
(5) the case in question is dependent upon the outcome of the trial of another case that has not been concluded; or
（五）本案必须以另一案的审理结果为依据，而另一案尚未审结的；
(6) other circumstances require the suspension of proceedings.
（六）其他应当中止诉讼的情形。
Proceedings shall be resumed after the cause of suspension has been eliminated.
中止诉讼的原因消除后，恢复诉讼。
Article 151 An action shall be terminated in any of the following circumstances:
第一百五十一条 有下列情形之一的，终结诉讼：
(1) the plaintiff dies without a successor, or the successor waives his litigation rights;
（一）原告死亡，没有继承人，或者继承人放弃诉讼权利的；
(2) the defendant dies without estate and without a person to succeed to his obligations;
（二）被告死亡，没有遗产，也没有应当承担义务的人的；
(3) one of the parties in a divorce case dies; or
（三）离婚案件一方当事人死亡的；
(4) one of the parties in a case involving claims for overdue alimony, maintenance, child support or the termination of an adoptive relationship dies.
（四）追索赡养费、扶养费、抚育费以及解除收养关系案件的一方当事人死亡的。
Section 5 Judgment and Ruling
第五节 判决和裁定
Article 152 A written judgment shall clearly state the decision and the reasons supporting the judgment. The contents of the written judgment shall include:
第一百五十二条 判决书应当写明判决结果和作出该判决的理由。判决书内容包括：
(1) the cause of action, the claims, the facts and grounds of the dispute;
（一）案由、诉讼请求、争议的事实和理由；
(2) the facts and grounds as found in the judgment, and the applicable laws and reasons;
（二）判决认定的事实和理由、适用的法律和理由；
(3) the result of the judgment and the apportionment of litigation costs; and
（三）判决结果和诉讼费用的负担；
(4) the time limit for appeal and the court with which an appeal should be lodged.
（四）上诉期间和上诉的法院。
A written judgment shall be signed by the judicial officers and the court clerk, and the seal of the people's court shall be affixed to it.
判决书由审判人员、书记员署名，加盖人民法院印章。
Article 153 If some of the facts of a case being tried are evident already, the people's court may make a judgment on those facts first.
第一百五十三条 人民法院审理案件，其中一部分事实已经清楚，可以就该部分先行判决。
Article 154 Rulings shall be applicable to the following:
第一百五十四条 裁定适用于下列范围：
(1) refusal to accept a case;
（一）不予受理；
(2) objection to the jurisdiction of a court;
（二）对管辖权有异议的；
(3) dismissal of the action;
（三）驳回起诉；
(4) property preservation and preliminary execution;
（四）保全和先予执行；
(5) approval or disapproval of withdrawal of an action;
（五）准许或者不准许撤诉；
(6) suspension or termination of an action;
（六）中止或者终结诉讼；
(7) correction of clerical errors in a written judgment;
（七）补正判决书中的笔误；
(8) suspension or termination of execution;
（八）中止或者终结执行；
(9) cancellation of or refusal to enforce an arbitration award;
（九）撤销或者不予执行仲裁裁决；
(10) refusal to enforce a document on creditor's rights that has been rendered enforceable by a notary agency; and
（十）不予执行公证机关赋予强制执行效力的债权文书；
(11) other matters to be settled by a ruling.
（十一）其他需要裁定解决的事项。
An appeal may be filed against a ruling on the matters under subparagraph 1 to subparagraph 3 of the preceding paragraph.
对前款第一项至第三项裁定，可以上诉。
A written ruling shall specify the results and the reasons for the ruling. The written ruling shall be signed by the adjudicatory personnel and the court clerk, and affixed with the seal of the people's court. An oral ruling shall be entered into the written records.
裁定书应当写明裁定结果和作出该裁定的理由。裁定书由审判人员、书记员署名，加盖人民法院印章。口头裁定的，记入笔录。
Article 155 Judgments and rulings made by the Supreme People's Court, and judgments and rulings that may not be appealed against according to the law or that have not been appealed against within the prescribed time limit, shall be legally effective.
第一百五十五条 最高人民法院的判决、裁定，以及依法不准上诉或者超过上诉期没有上诉的判决、裁定，是发生法律效力的判决、裁定。
Article 156 The general public may have access to the effective written legal judgments and rulings, except for those involving state secrets, trade secrets or personal privacy.
第一百五十六条 公众可以查阅发生法律效力的判决书、裁定书，但涉及国家秘密、商业秘密和个人隐私的内容除外。
Chapter XIII Summary Procedure
第十三章简易程序
Article 157 Where a primary people's courts and a tribunal dispatched by it try simple civil cases in which the facts are evident, the relationship of rights and obligations is definite and the disputes are minor, the provisions of this Chapter shall apply.
第一百五十七条 基层人民法院和它派出的法庭审理事实清楚、权利义务关系明确、争议不大的简单的民事案件，适用本章规定。
Where a primary people's court or a tribunal dispatched by it hears civil cases other than those stipulated under the preceding paragraph, the parties may also agree on the application of summary procedure.
基层人民法院和它派出的法庭审理前款规定以外的民事案件，当事人双方也可以约定适用简易程序。
Article 158 In simple civil cases, the plaintiff may institute actions verbally.
第一百五十八条 对简单的民事案件，原告可以口头起诉。
Both parties may simultaneously appear before a primary people's court or a tribunal dispatched by it to request settlement of their dispute. The primary people's court or the tribunal dispatched by it may try the case immediately or designate another date for trial.
当事人双方可以同时到基层人民法院或者它派出的法庭，请求解决纠纷。基层人民法院或者它派出的法庭可以当即审理，也可以另定日期审理。
Article 159 When trying a simple civil case, a primary people's court or a tribunal dispatched by it may adopt a simplified and convenient method to summon the parties and witnesses, serve the lawsuit documents and conduct the trial, provided that the parties' rights to be heard shall be protected.
第一百五十九条 基层人民法院和它派出的法庭审理简单的民事案件，可以用简便方式传唤当事人和证人、送达诉讼文书、审理案件，但应当保障当事人陈述意见的权利。
Article 160 Simple civil cases shall be tried by a single judge alone, which shall not be subject to the restriction of Articles 136, 138 and 141 of the Law.
第一百六十条 简单的民事案件由审判员一人独任审理，并不受本法第一百三十六条、第一百三十八条、第一百四十一条规定的限制。
Article 161 When trying a case by applying summary procedure, a people's court shall conclude the case within three months from the date of case acceptance.
第一百六十一条 人民法院适用简易程序审理案件，应当在立案之日起三个月内审结。
Article 162 When trying a simple civil case prescribed in paragraph 1 of Article 157 of the Law, the subject matter amount of which is below thirty percent of the average annual salary of the employees of all provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government in the previous year, the primary people's court or the tribunal dispatched by it may apply the system under which the ruling in the first instance shall be final.
第一百六十二条 基层人民法院和它派出的法庭审理符合本法第一百五十七条第一款规定的简单的民事案件，标的额为各省、自治区、直辖市上年度就业人员年平均工资百分之三十以下的，实行一审终审。
Article 163 Where in hearing a case, the people's court finds that it is inappropriate to apply the summary procedure to the case, it may rule to evoke the ordinary procedure.
第一百六十三条 人民法院在审理过程中，发现案件不宜适用简易程序的，裁定转为普通程序。
Chapter XIV Procedure at Second Instance
第十四章第二审程序
Article 164 If a party disagrees with a first instance judgment made by a local people's court, the party shall have the right to lodge an appeal with the people's court at the next higher level within 15 days from the date on which the written judgment was served.
第一百六十四条 当事人不服地方人民法院第一审判决的，有权在判决书送达之日起十五日内向上一级人民法院提起上诉。
If a party disagrees with a first-instance ruling made by a local people's court, the party shall have the right to lodge an appeal with the people's court at the next higher level within ten days from the date on which the written ruling was served.
当事人不服地方人民法院第一审裁定的，有权在裁定书送达之日起十日内向上一级人民法院提起上诉。
Article 165 To lodge an appeal, an appeal petition shall be submitted. The contents of an appeal petition shall include the names of the parties, the names of the legal persons and their legal representatives or the names of other organizations and their principally responsible persons; the name of the people's court that originally tried the case, the file number of the case and the cause of action; and the claims and grounds of the appeal.
第一百六十五条 上诉应当递交上诉状。上诉状的内容，应当包括当事人的姓名，法人的名称及其法定代表人的姓名或者其他组织的名称及其主要负责人的姓名；原审人民法院名称、案件的编号和案由；上诉的请求和理由。
Article 166 An appeal petition shall be submitted through the people's court that originally tried the case, copies of which shall be provided according to the number of persons in the other party or of the representatives thereof.
第一百六十六条 上诉状应当通过原审人民法院提出，并按照对方当事人或者代表人的人数提出副本。
If a party appeals directly to a people's court of second instance, such court shall transfer the appeal petition to the people's court that originally tried the case within five days.
当事人直接向第二审人民法院上诉的，第二审人民法院应当在五日内将上诉状移交原审人民法院。
Article 167 Within five days after receiving an appeal petition, the people's court that originally tried the case shall serve the copy of the appeal petition on the other party, who shall, within 15 days from the date of receipt, submit a statement of defence. The people's court shall, within five days after receiving the statement of defence, serve a copy of the statement on the appellant. Failure on the part of the other party to submit a statement of defence shall not affect the trial of the case by the people's court.
第一百六十七 条原审人民法院收到上诉状，应当在五日内将上诉状副本送达对方当事人，对方当事人在收到之日起十五日内提出答辩状。人民法院应当在收到答辩状之日起五日内将副本送达上诉人。对方当事人不提出答辩状的，不影响人民法院审理。
Within five days after receiving the appeal petition and the statement of defence, the people's court that originally tried the case shall deliver the same to the people's court of second instance together with the entire case file and all the evidence.
原审人民法院收到上诉状、答辩状，应当在五日内连同全部案卷和证据，报送第二审人民法院。
Article 168 A people's court of second instance shall investigate the relevant facts and the applicable law pertaining to the appeal.
第一百六十八条 第二审人民法院应当对上诉请求的有关事实和适用法律进行审查。
Article 169 During the hearing of an appeal, the people's court of the second instance shall form a collegiate bench for the hearing. Where, upon reviewing the case files, conducting investigations and questioning the parties, no new facts, evidences or reasons are submitted, the collegiate bench may decide not to conduct open trial if it deems unnecessary.
第一百六十九条 第二审人民法院对上诉案件，应当组成合议庭，开庭审理。经过阅卷、调查和询问当事人，对没有提出新的事实、证据或者理由，合议庭认为不需要开庭审理的，可以不开庭审理。
A people's court of second instance may try an appeal case in its own court or in the place where the case originated or where the people's court that originally tried the case is located.
第二审人民法院审理上诉案件，可以在本院进行，也可以到案件发生地或者原审人民法院所在地进行。
Article 170 After an appeal hearing, a people's court of the second instance shall decide according to the following circumstances:
第一百七十条 第二审人民法院对上诉案件，经过审理，按照下列情形，分别处理：
(1) where the original judgment or ruling is supported by clear facts and correct application of law, a judgment or ruling shall be made to dismiss the appeal and uphold the original judgment or ruling;
（一）原判决、裁定认定事实清楚，适用法律正确的，以判决、裁定方式驳回上诉，维持原判决、裁定；
(2) where the verification of facts or application of law are erroneous in the original judgment or ruling, a judgment or ruling amending, revoking or modifying the original judgment or ruling shall be made in accordance with law;
（二）原判决、裁定认定事实错误或者适用法律错误的，以判决、裁定方式依法改判、撤销或者变更；
(3) where the verification of fundamental facts is not clearly ascertained in the original judgment, a ruling shall be made to revoke the original judgment, return the case to the people's court that originally tried the case for retrial, or amend the judgment after the facts have been clearly ascertained; and
（三）原判决认定基本事实不清的，裁定撤销原判决，发回原审人民法院重审，或者查清事实后改判；
(4) where the original judgment seriously violates the statutory procedure, such as omitting a party or illegally entering a default judgment, a ruling shall be made to dismiss the original judgment and return the case to the original people's court for retrial.
（四）原判决遗漏当事人或者违法缺席判决等严重违反法定程序的，裁定撤销原判决，发回原审人民法院重审。
Where, after the original people's court makes a judgment for the case remanded for retrial, any of the parties thereto files an appeal, the people's court of the second instance may not remand the case again for retrial.
原审人民法院对发回重审的案件作出判决后，当事人提起上诉的，第二审人民法院不得再次发回重审。
Article 171 In handling an appeal against a ruling made by a people's court of first instance, the people's court of second instance shall in all cases use rulings.
第一百七十一条 第二审人民法院对不服第一审人民法院裁定的上诉案件的处理，一律使用裁定。
Article 172 In trying an appeal case, a people's court of second instance may conduct conciliation. If an agreement is reached upon conciliation, a written mediation statement shall be prepared. Such written conciliation statement shall be signed by the judicial officers and the court clerk, and the seal of the people's court shall be affixed to it. Immediately upon service of the written conciliation statement, the judgment of the people's court that originally tried the case shall be deemed to have been revoked.
第一百七十二条 第二审人民法院审理上诉案件，可以进行调解。调解达成协议，应当制作调解书，由审判人员、书记员署名，加盖人民法院印章。调解书送达后，原审人民法院的判决即视为撤销。
Article 173 If an appellant applies for withdrawal of his or her appeal prior to the pronouncement of judgment by the people's court of second instance, the people's court of second instance shall make a ruling on whether to approve the application.
第一百七十三条 第二审人民法院判决宣告前，上诉人申请撤回上诉的，是否准许，由第二审人民法院裁定。
Article 174 In trying an appeal case, the people's court of second instance shall, in addition to complying with the provisions of this Chapter, apply the ordinary procedure at first instance.
第一百七十四条 第二审人民法院审理上诉案件，除依照本章规定外，适用第一审普通程序。
Article 175 The judgment and ruling of a people's court of second instance shall be final.
第一百七十五条 第二审人民法院的判决、裁定，是终审的判决、裁定。
Article 176 In trying a case of an appeal against a judgment, a people's court shall conclude the case within three months from the date of putting it on its trial docket as a case of the second instance. Any extension of the time limit necessitated by special circumstances shall be subject to approval by the president of the court.
第一百七十六条 人民法院审理对判决的上诉案件，应当在第二审立案之日起三个月内审结。有特殊情况需要延长的，由本院院长批准。
In trying a case of an appeal against a ruling, a people's court shall make a final ruling within 30 days from the date of putting it on its trial docket as a case of the second instance.
人民法院审理对裁定的上诉案件，应当在第二审立案之日起三十日内作出终审裁定。
Chapter XV Special Procedure
第十五章特别程序
Section 1 General Provisions
第一节 一般规定
Article 177 When the people's court tries cases concerning voter's qualification, declaration of a person as missing or dead, determination of a citizen as having no capacity for civil acts or as having limited capacity for civil acts, or determination of ownerless property, confirmation of mediation agreement and the enforcement of real rights for security, this Chapter shall apply. Regarding matters not covered in this Chapter, the relevant provisions of the Law and other laws shall apply.
第一百七十七条 人民法院审理选民资格案件、宣告失踪或者宣告死亡案件、认定公民无民事行为能力或者限制民事行为能力案件、认定财产无主案件、确认调解协议案件和实现担保物权案件，适用本章规定。本章没有规定的，适用本法和其他法律的有关规定。
Article 178 Where a case is tried in accordance with the procedure set forth in this Chapter, the judgment of first instance shall be the final judgment. The trial of cases concerning voter qualifications or major or difficult cases shall be conducted by a collegiate bench of judges. Other cases shall be tried by a single judge alone.
第一百七十八条 依照本章程序审理的案件，实行一审终审。选民资格案件或者重大、疑难的案件，由审判员组成合议庭审理；其他案件由审判员一人独任审理。
Article 179 If, in the course of trying a case in accordance with the procedure set forth in this Chapter, a people's court discovers that the case involves a dispute over civil rights and interests, it shall rule to terminate the special procedure, and inform the interested parties that they may institute a separate action.
第一百七十九条 人民法院在依照本章程序审理案件的过程中，发现本案属于民事权益争议的，应当裁定终结特别程序，并告知利害关系人可以另行起诉。
Article 180 A people's court shall conclude a case tried according to special procedure within 30 days from the date of entering it on its trial docket or within 30 days from the expiration of the time limit set forth in the public notice. Any extension of the time limit necessitated by special circumstances shall be subject to approval by the president of the court in question, except for cases concerning voter qualifications.
第一百八十条 人民法院适用特别程序审理的案件，应当在立案之日起三十日内或者公告期满后三十日内审结。有特殊情况需要延长的，由本院院长批准。但审理选民资格的案件除外。
Section 2 Cases Concerning Voter Qualifications
第二节 选民资格案件
Article 181 If a citizen disagrees with the decision of an election committee on his petition concerning his or her qualifications to be a voter, he or she may institute an action at the primary people's court of his or her election district five days before election day.
第一百八十一条 公民不服选举委员会对选民资格的申诉所作的处理决定，可以在选举日的五日以前向选区所在地基层人民法院起诉。
Article 182 After accepting a case concerning voter qualifications, a people's court must conclude the trial before election day.
第一百八十二条 人民法院受理选民资格案件后，必须在选举日前审结。
The claimant, representatives of the election committee and the citizens concerned must attend the trial.
审理时，起诉人、选举委员会的代表和有关公民必须参加。
The written judgment of the people's court shall be served on the election committee and the claimant before election day, and the citizens concerned shall be notified of the judgment.
人民法院的判决书，应当在选举日前送达选举委员会和起诉人，并通知有关公民。
Section 3 Cases Concerning the Declaration of a Person as Missing or Dead
第三节 宣告失踪、宣告死亡案件
Article 183 Where the whereabouts of a citizen has been unknown for two years, and an interested party applies for declaration of the citizen to be missing, the application shall be filed with the primary people's court of the place where the missing person is domiciled.
第一百八十三条 公民下落不明满二年，利害关系人申请宣告其失踪的，向下落不明人住所地基层人民法院提出。
The application shall clearly state the facts and time of the disappearance and the request, which shall be accompanied by a written certificate concerning the disappearance of the said citizen issued by a public security authority or other relevant authorities.
申请书应当写明失踪的事实、时间和请求，并附有公安机关或者其他有关机关关于该公民下落不明的书面证明。
Article 184 Where the whereabouts of a citizen has been unknown for four years, or has been unknown for two years as a result of an accident, or has been unknown as a result of an accident which, as certified by the relevant authorities, the citizen could not have survived, if an interested party applies for declaration of the citizen to be dead, the application shall be filed with the primary people's court of the place where the missing citizen is domiciled.
第一百八十四条 公民下落不明满四年，或者因意外事故下落不明满二年，或者因意外事故下落不明，经有关机关证明该公民不可能生存，利害关系人申请宣告其死亡的，向下落不明人住所地基层人民法院提出。
The application shall clearly state the facts and time of the disappearance and the request, which shall be accompanied by a written certificate concerning the disappearance of the said citizen issued by a public security authority or other relevant authorities.
申请书应当写明下落不明的事实、时间和请求，并附有公安机关或者其他有关机关关于该公民下落不明的书面证明。
Article 185 After accepting a case concerning the declaration of a citizen as missing or dead, a people's court shall issue a public notice in search of the citizen whose whereabouts is unknown. The period for the notice of declaration of a person as missing shall be three months, and the period for the notice of declaration of a person as dead shall be one year. If the whereabouts of a citizen is unknown as a result of an accident which, as certified by the relevant authorities, the citizen could not have survived, the period of notice for the declaration of the citizen as death shall be three months.
第一百八十五条 人民法院受理宣告失踪、宣告死亡案件后，应当发出寻找下落不明人的公告。宣告失踪的公告期间为三个月，宣告死亡的公告期间为一年。因意外事故下落不明，经有关机关证明该公民不可能生存的，宣告死亡的公告期间为三个月。
Upon the expiration of the time limit of the public notice, the people's court shall, depending on whether the facts about the disappearance or death of the person have been confirmed, make a judgment declaring the person missing or dead or make a judgment to reject the application for such a declaration.
公告期间届满，人民法院应当根据被宣告失踪、宣告死亡的事实是否得到确认，作出宣告失踪、宣告死亡的判决或者驳回申请的判决。
Article 186 Where a citizen who has been declared missing or dead reappears, the people's court shall, upon the application of that person or an interested party, make a new judgment to revoke the original judgment.
第一百八十六条 被宣告失踪、宣告死亡的公民重新出现，经本人或者利害关系人申请，人民法院应当作出新判决，撤销原判决。
Section 4 Cases Concerning the Determination of a Citizen as Having No Capacity for Civil Acts or as Having Limited Capacity for Civil Acts
第四节 认定公民无民事行为能力、限制民事行为能力案件
Article 187 An application for determining a citizen as having no capacity for civil acts or as having limited capacity for civil acts shall be filed by a close relative of the citizen or another interested party with the primary people's court of the place where the citizen is domiciled.
第一百八十七条 申请认定公民无民事行为能力或者限制民事行为能力，由其近亲属或者其他利害关系人向该公民住所地基层人民法院提出。
The application shall clearly state the facts and grounds on which the citizen's incompetence for civil acts or limited capacity for civil acts is asserted.
申请书应当写明该公民无民事行为能力或者限制民事行为能力的事实和根据。
Article 188 After accepting such an application, the people's court shall, when necessary, carry out an expert examination of the citizen who is requested to be declared as having no capacity for civil acts or having limited capacity for civil acts. If the applicant has already provided an expert opinion, the people's court shall examine such expert opinion.
第一百八十八条 人民法院受理申请后，必要时应当对被请求认定为无民事行为能力或者限制民事行为能力的公民进行鉴定。申请人已提供鉴定意见的，应当对鉴定意见进行审查。
Article 189 When a people's court tries a case for determining a citizen as having no capacity for civil acts or as having limited capacity for civil acts, a close relative of the citizen, with the exception of the applicant, shall be his or her agent ad litem. If the close relatives shift onto one another the responsibility to act as agent ad litem, the people's court shall appoint one of them as the agent ad litem. If the health of the citizen permits, his or her opinion shall also be solicited.
第一百八十九条 人民法院审理认定公民无民事行为能力或者限制民事行为能力的案件，应当由该公民的近亲属为代理人，但申请人除外。近亲属互相推诿的，由人民法院指定其中一人为代理人。该公民健康情况许可的，还应当询问本人的意见。
If, by trying the case, the people's court determines that the application is grounded based on facts, it shall make a judgment determining the citizen to have no capacity for civil acts or to have limited capacity for civil acts. If the people's court determines that the application is groundless not based on facts, it shall make a judgment to reject the application.
人民法院经审理认定申请有事实根据的，判决该公民为无民事行为能力或者限制民事行为能力人；认定申请没有事实根据的，应当判决予以驳回。
Article 190 If, upon the application of a citizen who has been determined to have no capacity for civil acts or to have limited capacity for civil acts or upon the application of such citizen's guardian, a people's court verifies that the cause of such citizen's incompetence for civil acts or limited capacity for civil acts has been eliminated, it shall make a new judgment to revoke the original judgment.
第一百九十条 人民法院根据被认定为无民事行为能力人、限制民事行为能力人或者他的监护人的申请，证实该公民无民事行为能力或者限制民事行为能力的原因已经消除的，应当作出新判决，撤销原判决。
Section 5 Cases Concerning the Determination of Property as Ownerless Property
第五节 认定财产无主案件
Article 191 An application for determining a property as ownerless shall be filed by a citizen, legal person or other organization with the primary people's court of the place where the property is located.
第一百九十一条 申请认定财产无主，由公民、法人或者其他组织向财产所在地基层人民法院提出。
The application shall clearly state the type and quantity of the property and the grounds on which the request for determination of the property as ownerless is made.
申请书应当写明财产的种类、数量以及要求认定财产无主的根据。
Article 192 After accepting such an application, the people's court shall, upon examination and verification, issue a public notice requesting that the property be claimed. If no one claims the property within one year from the issue of the public notice, the people's court shall make a judgment determining that the property is ownerless, whereupon the property shall become the property of the State or the collective.
第一百九十二条 人民法院受理申请后，经审查核实，应当发出财产认领公告。公告满一年无人认领的，判决认定财产无主，收归国家或者集体所有。
Article 193 If, after a property has been determined ownerless by judgment, the owner of the property or the successor thereto appears, the owner or the successor may file a claim to the property within the limitation of action as specified in the General Principles of Civil Law of the People's Republic of China. The people's court shall, after examination and verification, make a new judgment to revoke the original judgment.
第一百九十三条 判决认定财产无主后，原财产所有人或者继承人出现，在民法通则规定的诉讼时效期间可以对财产提出请求，人民法院审查属实后，应当作出新判决，撤销原判决。
Section 6 Cases Concerning the Confirmation of Mediation Agreement
第六节 确认调解协议案件
Article 194 For an application for judicial confirmation of a mediation agreement, the parties shall, in accordance with the People's Mediation Law and other applicable laws and within 30 days upon effectiveness of the material mediation agreement, jointly file an application with the primary people's court where the mediation institution is located.
第一百九十四条 申请司法确认调解协议，由双方当事人依照人民调解法等法律，自调解协议生效之日起三十日内，共同向调解组织所在地基层人民法院提出。
Article 195 After the acceptance of the application, if the application complies with the legal requirements upon examination, the people's court shall affirm that the mediation agreement is valid; if any party thereto refuses to perform or fails to fully perform the agreement, the other parties thereto may apply to the people's court for enforcement; if the application fails to comply with the legal requirements, the court shall reject the application, and the parties thereto may modify the original mediation agreement by way of mediation or draft a new mediation agreement; they may also file a lawsuit with the people's court.
第一百九十五条 人民法院受理申请后，经审查，符合法律规定的，裁定调解协议有效，一方当事人拒绝履行或者未全部履行的，对方当事人可以向人民法院申请执行；不符合法律规定的，裁定驳回申请，当事人可以通过调解方式变更原调解协议或者达成新的调解协议，也可以向人民法院提起诉讼。
Section 7 Cases Concerning Enforcement of Real Rights for Security
第七节 实现担保物权案件
Article 196 For the application for enforcement of real rights for security, the owner of real rights and other parties with the enforcement rights may, in accordance with the Real Rights Law and other laws, file an application with the primary people's court where the secured property is located or the secured real rights is registered.
第一百九十六条 申请实现担保物权，由担保物权人以及其他有权请求实现担保物权的人依照物权法等法律，向担保财产所在地或者担保物权登记地基层人民法院提出。
Article 197 After the acceptance of the application, if the application complies with the legal requirements upon examination, the people's court may issue a ruling to the auction or sale of the secured property, and the parties thereto may apply to the people's court for enforcement pursuant to the ruling. If the application fails to comply with the legal requirements, the court shall reject the application, and the parties thereto may file a lawsuit with the people's court.
第一百九十七条 人民法院受理申请后，经审查，符合法律规定的，裁定拍卖、变卖担保财产，当事人依据该裁定可以向人民法院申请执行；不符合法律规定的，裁定驳回申请，当事人可以向人民法院提起诉讼。
Chapter XVI Procedure for Trial Supervision
第十六章审判监督程序
Article 198 If the presidents of people's courts at any level finds any verified error in a legally effective judgment, ruling or mediation statement and deems it necessary to have the case retried, they shall refer the case to the judicial committee for discussion and decision.
第一百九十八条 各级人民法院院长对本院已经发生法律效力的判决、裁定、调解书，发现确有错误，认为需要再审的，应当提交审判委员会讨论决定。
Where the Supreme People's Court discovers any error in a legally effective judgment, ruling or mediation statement issued by a local people's court at any level, or where a people's court at a higher level finds any error in a legally effective judgment, ruling or mediation statement issued by a subordinate people's court, it shall have the right to bring up the case for trial or instruct a subordinate people's court to conduct a retrial of the case.
最高人民法院对地方各级人民法院已经发生法律效力的判决、裁定、调解书，上级人民法院对下级人民法院已经发生法律效力的判决、裁定、调解书，发现确有错误的，有权提审或者指令下级人民法院再审。
Article 199 Any party that considers a legally effective judgment or ruling to be wrong may apply to the people's court at the next higher level for retrial; as for the case where one party comprises of a large number of individuals or both parties thereto are citizens, the parties may apply for retrial of the case to the original people's court. Nevertheless, the application for retrial does not mean that the enforcement of the judgment or ruling is suspended.
第一百九十九条 当事人对已经发生法律效力的判决、裁定，认为有错误的，可以向上一级人民法院申请再审；当事人一方人数众多或者当事人双方为公民的案件，也可以向原审人民法院申请再审。当事人申请再审的，不停止判决、裁定的执行。
Article 200 Where an application for retrial by a party falls under any of the following circumstances, the people's court shall conduct a retry:
第二百条 当事人的申请符合下列情形之一的，人民法院应当再审：
(1) there is new evidence that is sufficient to overturn the original judgment or ruling;
（一）有新的证据，足以推翻原判决、裁定的；
(2) the evidence used as a basis for ascertaining the essential facts in the original judgment or ruling was insufficient;
（二）原判决、裁定认定的基本事实缺乏证据证明的；
(3) the main evidence used as a basis for ascertaining the facts in the original judgment or ruling was falsified;
（三）原判决、裁定认定事实的主要证据是伪造的；
(4) the main evidence used as a basis for ascertaining the facts in the original judgment or ruling was not cross-examined;
（四）原判决、裁定认定事实的主要证据未经质证的；
(5) With regard to the main evidence necessary for the trial, if the party concerned is unable to collect the evidence personally due to objective reasons, and the people's court fails to investigate or collect such evidence after the party submits a written application to the people's court to investigate and collect such evidence;
（五）对审理案件需要的主要证据，当事人因客观原因不能自行收集，书面申请人民法院调查收集，人民法院未调查收集的；
(6) an error was found in the application of the law in the original judgment or ruling;
（六）原判决、裁定适用法律确有错误的；
(7) the judicial organization was not composed in accordance with the law or a member of the judicial officers who should have withdrawn in accordance with the law did not do so;
（七）审判组织的组成不合法或者依法应当回避的审判人员没有回避的；
(8) where the statutory agent of a party with no capacity to bring a case fails to act as an agent in the relevant case or where a party required to participate in the case fail to do so for reasons for which the party or his or her litigation agent is not responsible;
（八）无诉讼行为能力人未经法定代理人代为诉讼或者应当参加诉讼的当事人，因不能归责于本人或者其诉讼代理人的事由，未参加诉讼的；
9. where the party was deprived of his or her right to argue the case in breach of the law;
（九）违反法律规定，剥夺当事人辩论权利的；
(10) where a default judgment was entered without serving summons;
（十）未经传票传唤，缺席判决的；
(11) where the original judgment or ruling omitted or exceeded the claims sought in the case;
（十一）原判决、裁定遗漏或者超出诉讼请求的；
(12) the legal documentation on which the original judgment or ruling is based has been cancelled or amended; or
（十二）据以作出原判决、裁定的法律文书被撤销或者变更的；
(13) where any member of the judicial officers commits malpractice in trying a case, such as embezzlement, bribery, engagement in malpractice for personal benefits, or rendering of a judgment that perverts the law.
（十三）审判人员审理该案件时有贪污受贿，徇私舞弊，枉法裁判行为的。
Article 201 For a legally effective mediation statement, a party may apply for a retrial if it can present evidence that the mediation violates the principle of voluntary participation or that the content of the mediation agreement violates the law. If the people's court finds the evidence to be true upon examination, it shall retry the case.
第二百零一条 当事人对已经发生法律效力的调解书，提出证据证明调解违反自愿原则或者调解协议的内容违反法律的，可以申请再审。经人民法院审查属实的，应当再审。
Article 202 A party may not apply for retrial of a case where a legally effective judgment or mediation statement has been made to dissolve a marriage.
第二百零二条 当事人对已经发生法律效力的解除婚姻关系的判决、调解书，不得申请再审。
Article 203 Any party that applies for a retrial shall submit retrial request and other relevant materials. The people's court shall give a copy of the retrial request to the other party within five days from the date on which it is received. The other party shall submit a written response within 15 days from the date on which it receives the copy of the retrial request; the other party's failure to submit a written response shall not affect the review of the case by the people's court. The people's court may require the applicant and the other party to submit additional relevant materials and may inquire about relevant issues.
第二百零三条 当事人申请再审的，应当提交再审申请书等材料。人民法院应当自收到再审申请书之日起五日内将再审申请书副本发送对方当事人。对方当事人应当自收到再审申请书副本之日起十五日内提交书面意见；不提交书面意见的，不影响人民法院审查。人民法院可以要求申请人和对方当事人补充有关材料，询问有关事项。
Article 204 The people's court shall carry out the examination within three months upon receipt of the retrial request. Where the circumstances of the case meet the applicable provisions of the Law, a retrial shall be ordered; where the circumstances of the case fail to meet the applicable provisions herein, the application shall be rejected. Any extension of time limit due to special circumstances shall be subject to the approval by the president of the court.
第二百零四条 人民法院应当自收到再审申请书之日起三个月内审查，符合本法规定的，裁定再审；不符合本法规定的，裁定驳回申请。有特殊情况需要延长的，由本院院长批准。
A case that is to be retried upon the application by a party thereto shall be tried by an intermediate people's court or by a people's court at a higher level, unless the party opts to apply to the primary people's court for retrial in accordance with the provisions in Article 199 herein. Where the Supreme People's Court or the Higher People's Court finds that the case should be retried, the case may be retried by that court or assigned to another people's court or returned to the people's court that made the original judgment or ruling for retrial.
因当事人申请裁定再审的案件由中级人民法院以上的人民法院审理，但当事人依照本法第一百九十九条的规定选择向基层人民法院申请再审的除外。最高人民法院、高级人民法院裁定再审的案件，由本院再审或者交其他人民法院再审，也可以交原审人民法院再审。
Article 205 A party shall apply for a retrial within six months after the date on which the judgment or ruling becomes legally effective; in any of the circumstances described in subparagraph 1, 3, 12 and 13 of Article 200 of the Law, a retrial application may be submitted within six months after the date on which the party becomes aware or is reasonably believed to become aware of the relevant facts.
第二百零五条 当事人申请再审，应当在判决、裁定发生法律效力后六个月内提出；有本法第二百条第一项、第三项、第十二项、第十三项规定情形的，自知道或者应当知道之日起六个月内提出。
Article 206 When an order is made to retry a case in accordance with the procedure for trial supervision, a ruling shall be made to suspend the enforcement of the original judgment, ruling or mediation statement, with the exception of cases of claims of overdue alimony, maintenance, child support, pensions for the disabled or the family of the deceased, medical expenses, and labor remuneration.
第二百零六条 按照审判监督程序决定再审的案件，裁定中止原判决、裁定、调解书的执行，但追索赡养费、扶养费、抚育费、抚恤金、医疗费用、劳动报酬等案件，可以不中止执行。
Article 207 Where a case is to be retried by a people's court in accordance with the procedure for trial supervision, if the legally effective judgment or ruling was made by a court of first instance, the case shall be retried in accordance with the procedure at first instance, and the parties may appeal against the judgment or ruling made. If the legally effective judgment or ruling was made by a court of second instance, it shall be retried in accordance with the procedure at second instance, and the judgment or ruling made shall be legally effective. If the case was removed for trial by a people's court at a higher level in accordance with the procedure for trial supervision, it shall be tried in accordance with the procedure at second instance, and the judgment or ruling made shall be legally effective.
第二百零七条 人民法院按照审判监督程序再审的案件，发生法律效力的判决、裁定是由第一审法院作出的，按照第一审程序审理，所作的判决、裁定，当事人可以上诉；发生法律效力的判决、裁定是由第二审法院作出的，按照第二审程序审理，所作的判决、裁定，是发生法律效力的判决、裁定；上级人民法院按照审判监督程序提审的，按照第二审程序审理，所作的判决、裁定是发生法律效力的判决、裁定。
When retrying cases, the people's court shall form a new collegiate bench.
人民法院审理再审案件，应当另行组成合议庭。
Article 208 Where the Supreme People's Procuratorate finds that a legally effective judgment or ruling made by a people's court at any level falls under any of the circumstances described in Article 200 of the Law or where a superior people's procuratorate finds that a legally effective judgment or ruling made by a subordinate people's court falls under any of the circumstances described in Article 200 of the Law; or the Supreme People's Procuratorate or a superior people's procuratorate finds that a mediation statement is against the interests of the State or the public, the Supreme People's Procuratorate or the superior people's procuratorate shall lodge an objection thereto.
第二百零八条 最高人民检察院对各级人民法院已经发生法律效力的判决、裁定，上级人民检察院对下级人民法院已经发生法律效力的判决、裁定，发现有本法第二百条规定情形之一的，或者发现调解书损害国家利益、社会公共利益的，应当提出抗诉。
Where a local people's procuratorate at any level finds that a legally effective judgment or ruling made by the people's court at the same level falls under any of the circumstances described in Article 200 of the Law, or finds that a mediation statement is against the interests of the State or the public, it shall lodge a procuratorial proposal to the people's court at the same level and file the proposal to its immediate superior people's procuratorate for record, or refer the case to the people's procuratorate at the next higher level to lodge an objection with the people's court at the same level.
地方各级人民检察院对同级人民法院已经发生法律效力的判决、裁定，发现有本法第二百条规定情形之一的，或者发现调解书损害国家利益、社会公共利益的，可以向同级人民法院提出检察建议，并报上级人民检察院备案；也可以提请上级人民检察院向同级人民法院提出抗诉。
Where a people's procuratorate at any level discovers that a member of the judicial officers commits any violation during the trial procedure that is beyond the scope of the trial supervision procedure, it could submit a procuratorial proposal to the people's court at the same level.
各级人民检察院对审判监督程序以外的其他审判程序中审判人员的违法行为，有权向同级人民法院提出检察建议。
Article 209 Under any one of the following circumstances, a party may apply to the competent people's procuratorate for a procuratorial proposal or objection:
第二百零九条 有下列情形之一的，当事人可以向人民检察院申请检察建议或者抗诉：
(1) where the people's court rejects the retrial application;
（一）人民法院驳回再审申请的；
(2) where the people's court does not issue a ruling over the retrial application within the specified time limit; or
（二）人民法院逾期未对再审申请作出裁定的；
(3) where the judgment or ruling of the retrial is obviously erroneous.
（三）再审判决、裁定有明显错误的。
The people's procuratorate shall examine the retrial application within three months after the receipt thereof and decide whether to make a procuratorial proposal or objection, after which the parties are not allowed to apply to the people's procuratorate for a procuratorial proposal or objection again.
人民检察院对当事人的申请应当在三个月内进行审查，作出提出或者不予提出检察建议或者抗诉的决定。当事人不得再次向人民检察院申请检察建议或者抗诉。
Article 210 Where a people's procuratorate in exercising legal supervision lodges a procuratorial proposal or objection, it may interview the parties to the case or any person that is not a party to the case to investigate and verify the relevant facts.
第二百一十条 人民检察院因履行法律监督职责提出检察建议或者抗诉的需要，可以向当事人或者案外人调查核实有关情况。
Article 211 In the event that a people's procuratorate files an objection, the people's court that accepts the objection shall order a retrial within 30 days after the date on which it receives the Objection Letter; under any of the circumstances described in subparagraph 1 to 5 of Article 200 of the Law, the people's court shall transfer the case to a competent people's court at the next lower level, unless the case has been retried by the said people's court at the next lower level.
第二百一十一条 人民检察院提出抗诉的案件，接受抗诉的人民法院应当自收到抗诉书之日起三十日内作出再审的裁定；有本法第二百条第一项至第五项规定情形之一的，可以交下一级人民法院再审，但经该下一级人民法院再审的除外。
Article 212 When a people's procuratorate decides to lodge an objection against a judgment, ruling or mediation statement made by a people's court, it shall prepare a written objection.
第二百一十二条 人民检察院决定对人民法院的判决、裁定、调解书提出抗诉的，应当制作抗诉书。
Article 213 When retrying a case that is protested against by a people's procuratorate, a people's court shall notify the people's procuratorate that it should send personnel to appear in court.
第二百一十三条 人民检察院提出抗诉的案件，人民法院再审时，应当通知人民检察院派员出席法庭。
Chapter XVII Procedure for Hastening Recovery of Debts
第十七章督促程序
Article 214 When a creditor requests payment of money or delivery of a negotiable instrument from a debtor, he or she may apply to the primary people's court with jurisdiction for a payment order provided that:
第二百一十四条 债权人请求债务人给付金钱、有价证券，符合下列条件的，可以向有管辖权的基层人民法院申请支付令：
(1) the creditor and the debtor are not involved in any other dispute over obligations; and
（一）债权人与债务人没有其他债务纠纷的；
(1) the creditor and the debtor are not involved in any other dispute over obligations; and
（二）支付令能够送达债务人的。
The written application shall clearly state the requested amount of money or quantity of the negotiable instruments and the facts and evidence on the basis of which the application is made.
申请书应当写明请求给付金钱或者有价证券的数量和所根据的事实、证据。
Article 215 A people's court shall, within five days after a creditor has submitted his or her application, notify the creditor whether it has accepted the case.
第二百一十五条 债权人提出申请后，人民法院应当在五日内通知债权人是否受理。
Article 216 After accepting an application for a payment order, a people's court, having found the relationship of debtor and creditor to be definite and lawful upon examination of the facts and evidence presented by the creditor, shall issue a payment order to the debtor within 15 days from the date of acceptance of the application. If the application is untenable, a ruling shall be made to reject it.
第二百一十六条 人民法院受理申请后，经审查债权人提供的事实、证据，对债权债务关系明确、合法的，应当在受理之日起十五日内向债务人发出支付令；申请不成立的，裁定予以驳回。
The debtor shall, within 15 days from the date of receipt of the payment order, settle his or her debt or submit a written objection to the people's court.
债务人应当自收到支付令之日起十五日内清偿债务，或者向人民法院提出书面异议。
If the debtor neither submits an objection nor performs the payment order within the time limit specified in the preceding paragraph, the creditor may apply to the people's court for execution.
债务人在前款规定的期间不提出异议又不履行支付令的，债权人可以向人民法院申请执行。
Article 217 After receiving a written objection submitted by the debtor, if the objection is tenable upon examination, the people's court shall issue a ruling to terminate the procedure for hastening debt recovery, whereupon the payment order shall automatically become null and void.
第二百一十七条 人民法院收到债务人提出的书面异议后，经审查，异议成立的，应当裁定终结督促程序，支付令自行失效。
Where the payment order becomes null and void, the case shall enter the litigation procedure, unless the party applying for the payment order disagrees to institute an action.
支付令失效的，转入诉讼程序，但申请支付令的一方当事人不同意提起诉讼的除外。
Chapter XVIII Procedure for Publicizing Public Notice for Assertion of Claims
第十八章公示催告程序
Article 218 The holder of a negotiable instrument transferable by endorsement may, if the instrument is stolen, lost, or destroyed, apply for a public notice to assert claims to the primary people's court of the place where payment on the negotiable instrument is to be made. This Chapter shall apply to other matters for which, according to the law, applications may be submitted for a public notice to assert claims.
第二百一十八条 按照规定可以背书转让的票据持有人，因票据被盗、遗失或者灭失，可以向票据支付地的基层人民法院申请公示催告。依照法律规定可以申请公示催告的其他事项，适用本章规定。
An applicant shall submit to the people's court a written application, clearly stating the main particulars of the negotiable instrument such as its face amount, drawer, holder and endorser, and the reasons and facts pertaining to the application.
申请人应当向人民法院递交申请书，写明票面金额、发票人、持票人、背书人等票据主要内容和申请的理由、事实。
Article 219 When a people's court decides to accept an application, it shall simultaneously notify the drawee that he or she should suspend payment, and within three days issue a public notice to invite interested parties to assert their claims. The period of the public notice for the interested parties to assert claims shall be decided by the people's court according to the circumstances, provided that it shall not be less than 60 days.
第二百一十九条 人民法院决定受理申请，应当同时通知支付人停止支付，并在三日内发出公告，催促利害关系人申报权利。公示催告的期间，由人民法院根据情况决定，但不得少于六十日。
Article 220 Upon receipt of a notice from the people's court to suspend payment, the drawee shall act accordingly until the conclusion of the procedure for publicizing public notice for assertion of claims.
第二百二十条 支付人收到人民法院停止支付的通知，应当停止支付，至公示催告程序终结。
During the period of the public notice to assert claims, any act relating to the assignment of rights in the negotiable instrument shall be invalid.
公示催告期间，转让票据权利的行为无效。
Article 221 Interested parties as claimants shall submit an application to the people's court during the period of public notice for assertion of claims.
第二百二十一条 利害关系人应当在公示催告期间向人民法院申报。
After receiving an application from an interested party, the people's court shall rule to conclude the procedure for publicizing public notice for assertion of claims, and shall notify the applicant and the drawee.
人民法院收到利害关系人的申报后，应当裁定终结公示催告程序，并通知申请人和支付人。
The applicant or the claimant may institute an action in the people's court.
申请人或者申报人可以向人民法院起诉。
Article 222 If no one asserts claims, the people's court shall make a judgment to declare the negotiable instrument null and void according to the application of the applicant. Judgment shall be announced in a public notice, and the drawee shall be notified of it. From the date of public pronouncement of the judgment, the applicant shall have the right to claim payment from the drawee.
第二百二十二条 没有人申报的，人民法院应当根据申请人的申请，作出判决，宣告票据无效。判决应当公告，并通知支付人。自判决公告之日起，申请人有权向支付人请求支付。
Article 223 If an interested party was unable for proper cause to report to the people's court prior to judgment, he or she shall, within one year from the day he or she knew or ought to have known of the public announcement of the judgment, institute an action at the people's court that made the judgment.
第二百二十三条 利害关系人因正当理由不能在判决前向人民法院申报的，自知道或者应当知道判决公告之日起一年内，可以向作出判决的人民法院起诉。
Part Three Execution Procedures
第三编执行程序
Chapter XIX General Provisions
第十九章一般规定
Article 224 A legally effective civil judgment or ruling, or that portion of a legally effective criminal judgment or ruling that pertains to property, shall be enforced by the people's court of first instance or the people's court at the same level as the people's court where the property subject to execution is located.
第二百二十四条 发生法律效力的民事判决、裁定，以及刑事判决、裁定中的财产部分，由第一审人民法院或者与第一审人民法院同级的被执行的财产所在地人民法院执行。
Other legal documents that shall be enforced by the people's courts as provided for by law shall be enforced by the people's court of the place where the person subject to execution is domiciled or where the property subject to execution is located.
法律规定由人民法院执行的其他法律文书，由被执行人住所地或者被执行的财产所在地人民法院执行。
Article 225 Any party or interested party may submit a written objection to the people's court responsible for executing a judgment if he or she considers execution of the judgment to be contrary to the provisions of the law. Where any party or interested party raises a written objection, the people's court shall examine the circumstances of the case within 15 days from the date on which it receives the written objection. Where the objection is tenable, a ruling shall be made that the judgment be revoked or amended; where the objection is untenable, it shall be overruled. Where the party or interested party concerned disagrees with the ruling, he or she may make an application for review to the people's court at the next higher level within ten days from the date on which he or she receives the ruling.
第二百二十五条 当事人、利害关系人认为执行行为违反法律规定的，可以向负责执行的人民法院提出书面异议。当事人、利害关系人提出书面异议的，人民法院应当自收到书面异议之日起十五日内审查，理由成立的，裁定撤销或者改正；理由不成立的，裁定驳回。当事人、利害关系人对裁定不服的，可以自裁定送达之日起十日内向上一级人民法院申请复议。
Article 226 Where the people's court does not execute a judgment within six months from the date on which it receives an application for execution, the applicant may make an application for execution to the immediate superior people's court. After examining the case, the immediate superior court may order the original people's court to execute the judgment within a specified period of time, may determine to execute the judgment itself, or may instruct another people's court to execute the judgment.
第二百二十六条 人民法院自收到申请执行书之日起超过六个月未执行的，申请执行人可以向上一级人民法院申请执行。上一级人民法院经审查，可以责令原人民法院在一定期限内执行，也可以决定由本院执行或者指令其他人民法院执行。
Article 227 Where, in the course of executing a judgment, a person who is not a party to the case raises a written objection to the execution of the judgment against the subject matter, the people's court shall examine the objection within 15 days after receiving it. Where the objection is tenable, the court shall rule that execution be suspended; where the objection is untenable, the court shall rule that it be rejected. Where the person who is not a party to the case or any party to the case is not satisfied with the ruling and considers the original judgment or ruling to be erroneous, the case shall be handled in accordance with the procedure for trial supervision; where the original judgment or ruling is considered to be irrelevant, the relevant party may lodge a case with the people's court within 15 days after receiving the ruling.
第二百二十七条 执行过程中，案外人对执行标的提出书面异议的，人民法院应当自收到书面异议之日起十五日内审查，理由成立的，裁定中止对该标的的执行；理由不成立的，裁定驳回。案外人、当事人对裁定不服，认为原判决、裁定错误的，依照审判监督程序办理；与原判决、裁定无关的，可以自裁定送达之日起十五日内向人民法院提起诉讼。
Article 228 Execution shall be carried out by execution officers.
第二百二十八条 执行工作由执行员进行。
An execution officer shall show his or her credentials when taking enforcement measures. After execution is completed, a record shall be made of its particulars, which shall be signed or sealed by the persons present.
采取强制执行措施时，执行员应当出示证件。执行完毕后，应当将执行情况制作笔录，由在场的有关人员签名或者盖章。
The people's court may establish execution authorities as needed.
人民法院根据需要可以设立执行机构。
Article 229 If the person or the property subject to execution is in another locality, the people's court of that locality may be entrusted with execution. The entrusted people's court must commence execution within 15 days after receipt of the letter of entrustment and shall not refuse to comply. After execution is completed, the entrusted people's court shall promptly reply to the entrusting people's court by letter, setting forth the result of the execution. If execution is not completed within 30 days, the entrusted people's court shall also inform the entrusting people's court by letter of the particulars of execution.
第二百二十九条 被执行人或者被执行的财产在外地的，可以委托当地人民法院代为执行。受委托人民法院收到委托函件后，必须在十五日内开始执行，不得拒绝。执行完毕后，应当将执行结果及时函复委托人民法院；在三十日内如果还未执行完毕，也应当将执行情况函告委托人民法院。
If the entrusted people's court does not execute the judgment or ruling within 15 days from the date of receipt of the letter of entrustment, the entrusting people's court may request the immediate superior people's court than the entrusted people's court to instruct it to execute the judgment or ruling.
受委托人民法院自收到委托函件之日起十五日内不执行的，委托人民法院可以请求受委托人民法院的上级人民法院指令受委托人民法院执行。
Article 230 Where, in the course of execution, the parties reach a settlement agreement upon negotiation at their own initiative, the execution officer shall make a record of the contents of the agreement and both parties shall sign or seal such record.
第二百三十条 在执行中，双方当事人自行和解达成协议的，执行员应当将协议内容记入笔录，由双方当事人签名或者盖章。
Where the person applying for enforcement reaches an agreement upon negotiation with the person subject to the execution due to deception or coercion, or if a party fails to perform the settlement agreement, the people's court may, upon application by the other party, resume the execution of the original effective legal document.
申请执行人因受欺诈、胁迫与被执行人达成和解协议，或者当事人不履行和解协议的，人民法院可以根据当事人的申请，恢复对原生效法律文书的执行。
Article 231 Where, in the course of execution, the person subject to execution provides security to the people's court, the people's court may decide to suspend the execution and decide the term of such suspension, subject to the consent of the person applying for execution. If the person subject to execution fails to perform within the specified term, the people's court shall have the power to execute the judgment or ruling against the property provided as security by the person subject to execution or the property of his or her guarantor.
第二百三十一条 在执行中，被执行人向人民法院提供担保，并经申请执行人同意的，人民法院可以决定暂缓执行及暂缓执行的期限。被执行人逾期仍不履行的，人民法院有权执行被执行人的担保财产或者担保人的财产。
Article 232 When a citizen subject to execution dies, his or her debts shall be repaid from his or her estate. When a legal person or another organization subject to execution is terminated, the successor to the rights and obligations of the legal person or organization shall perform the obligation.
第二百三十二条 作为被执行人的公民死亡的，以其遗产偿还债务。作为被执行人的法人或者其他组织终止的，由其权利义务承受人履行义务。
Article 233 Where, after execution is completed, an error is discovered in a judgment, ruling or other legal document on which execution is based and such judgment, ruling or other legal document is revoked by the people's court, the people's court shall make a ruling ordering the person who has obtained property subject to execution to return the property. If such person refuses to return the property, the ruling ordering the return of the property shall be enforced.
第二百三十三条 执行完毕后，据以执行的判决、裁定和其他法律文书确有错误，被人民法院撤销的，对已被执行的财产，人民法院应当作出裁定，责令取得财产的人返还；拒不返还的，强制执行。
Article 234 This Part shall apply to the execution of written mediation statements prepared by a people's court.
第二百三十四条 人民法院制作的调解书的执行，适用本编的规定。
Article 235 The people's procuratorates shall have the right to exercise legal supervision over civil enforcement.
第二百三十五条 人民检察院有权对民事执行活动实行法律监督。
Chapter XX Application for and Referral of Execution
第二十章执行的申请和移送
Article 236 The parties must perform civil judgments or rulings that have become legally effective. Where a party refuses to perform a ruling or judgment, the other party may apply to the people's court for enforcement. Alternatively, a judge may refer such judgment or ruling to an execution officer for enforcement.
第二百三十六条 发生法律效力的民事判决、裁定，当事人必须履行。一方拒绝履行的，对方当事人可以向人民法院申请执行，也可以由审判员移送执行员执行。
The parties must perform any written mediation agreement or other legal document that is enforceable by the people's courts. Where a party refuses to perform such a document, the other party may apply to the people's court for enforcement.
调解书和其他应当由人民法院执行的法律文书，当事人必须履行。一方拒绝履行的，对方当事人可以向人民法院申请执行。
Article 237 Where a party fails to perform an award of an arbitration institution established according to law, the other party may apply for execution to the people's court with jurisdiction. The people's court to which an application is made shall enforce the award.
第二百三十七条 对依法设立的仲裁机构的裁决，一方当事人不履行的，对方当事人可以向有管辖权的人民法院申请执行。受申请的人民法院应当执行。
Where the party against whom the application is made presents evidence that the arbitral award falls under any of the following circumstances, the people's court shall, after examination and verification by a collegiate bench formed by the people's court, rule to deny enforcement:
被申请人提出证据证明仲裁裁决有下列情形之一的，经人民法院组成合议庭审查核实，裁定不予执行：
(1) the parties have neither included an arbitration clause in their contract, nor subsequently reached a written arbitration agreement;
（一）当事人在合同中没有订有仲裁条款或者事后没有达成书面仲裁协议的；
(2) the matters decided in the award exceed the scope of the arbitration agreement or are beyond the arbitral authority of the arbitration institution;
（二）裁决的事项不属于仲裁协议的范围或者仲裁机构无权仲裁的；
(3) the composition of the arbitral tribunal or the arbitration procedure did not conform to statutory procedure;
（三）仲裁庭的组成或者仲裁的程序违反法定程序的；
(4) the evidence used as a basis for rendering an award is fabricated;
（四）裁决所根据的证据是伪造的；
(5) the other party to the case conceals important evidence, which is substantial enough to affect the impartial ruling by the arbitration institution; or
（五）对方当事人向仲裁机构隐瞒了足以影响公正裁决的证据的；
(6) one or several arbitrators acts corruptly, accepts bribes or engages in malpractice for personal benefits or made an award that perverted the law.
（六）仲裁员在仲裁该案时有贪污受贿，徇私舞弊，枉法裁决行为的。
Where the people's court determines that the enforcemnt of the award would be against the public interest, it shall rule to deny enforcement.
人民法院认定执行该裁决违背社会公共利益的，裁定不予执行。
The written ruling shall be served on both parties and on the arbitration institution.
裁定书应当送达双方当事人和仲裁机构。
Where a people's court rules to deny enforcemtn of an arbitral award, a party may, in accordance with the written arbitration agreement between the two parties, re-apply to the arbitration institution for arbitration or institute an action in a people's court.
仲裁裁决被人民法院裁定不予执行的，当事人可以根据双方达成的书面仲裁协议重新申请仲裁，也可以向人民法院起诉。
Article 238 Where a party fails to perform its obligations pursuant to a document that has been lawfully rendered enforceable by a notary public, the other party may apply to the people's court with jurisdiction for execution. The people's court to which the application is made shall execute the document.
第二百三十八条 对公证机关依法赋予强制执行效力的债权文书，一方当事人不履行的，对方当事人可以向有管辖权的人民法院申请执行，受申请的人民法院应当执行。
Where a notarized document of obligation contains an error, the people's court shall rule to deny execution and shall serve the written ruling on both parties and on the notary public.
公证债权文书确有错误的，人民法院裁定不予执行，并将裁定书送达双方当事人和公证机关。
Article 239 The time limit applicable to applications to enforce a judgment is two years. The provisions relating to the suspension or discontinuance of the litigation limitation period shall be applicable to the suspension or discontinuance of the limitation period for applications to enforce a judgment.
第二百三十九条 申请执行的期间为二年。申请执行时效的中止、中断，适用法律有关诉讼时效中止、中断的规定。
The time limit referred to in the preceding paragraph shall commence from the last day of the time limit for satisfaction of the judgment specified in the legal documentation; where the legal documentation provides for satisfaction of the judgment in stages, the time limit shall commence from the last day of the period for satisfaction of the judgment at each stage; where the legal documentation does not provide a time limit for satisfaction of the judgment, the time limit shall commence from the effective date of the legal documentation.
前款规定的期间，从法律文书规定履行期间的最后一日起计算；法律文书规定分期履行的，从规定的每次履行期间的最后一日起计算；法律文书未规定履行期间的，从法律文书生效之日起计算。
Article 240 Upon receiving an application for execution or a document for the handover of execution, an execution officer shall send a notice of execution to the person subject to execution and may immediately proceed to execute the execution measures.
第二百四十条 执行员接到申请执行书或者移交执行书，应当向被执行人发出执行通知，并可以立即采取强制执行措施。
Chapter XXI Execution Measures
第二十一章执行措施
Article 241 Where the person subject to execution fails to perform the obligation specified in the legal documentation in accordance with the execution notice, he or she shall provide a report on the circumstances relating to the assets concerned during the current period or in the year prior to the date on which he receives the execution notice. Where the person subject to execution refuses to provide such a report or makes a false report, the people's court may fine or detain that person subject to execution, its statutory agent, principally responsible person or the directly responsible person in the relevant entity, according to the seriousness of the case.
第二百四十一条 被执行人未按执行通知履行法律文书确定的义务，应当报告当前以及收到执行通知之日前一年的财产情况。被执行人拒绝报告或者虚假报告的，人民法院可以根据情节轻重对被执行人或者其法定代理人、有关单位的主要负责人或者直接责任人员予以罚款、拘留。
Article 242 Where a person subject to execution fails to perform the obligation specified in the legal document in accordance with the notice of execution, the people's court shall have the power to direct inquiries to the relevant entities about the property of deposits, bonds, stocks and funds of the person subject to execution, and shall have the power to distrain, freeze, transfer or sell the property of such person, provided that such inquiries, distraint, freezing, transfer or sale does not exceed the scope of the obligation to be performed by the person subject to execution.
第二百四十二条 被执行人未按执行通知履行法律文书确定的义务，人民法院有权向有关单位查询被执行人的存款、债券、股票、基金份额等财产情况。人民法院有权根据不同情形扣押、冻结、划拨、变价被执行人的财产。人民法院查询、扣押、冻结、划拨、变价的财产不得超出被执行人应当履行义务的范围。
For seizure, freezing, transfer or sale of deposits, a people's court shall make a ruling and issue a notice requesting for assistance for execution which must be complied with by relevant entities.
人民法院决定扣押、冻结、划拨、变价财产，应当作出裁定，并发出协助执行通知书，有关单位必须办理。
Article 243 If a person subject to execution fails to perform the obligation specified in the legal document in accordance with the notice of execution, the people's court shall have the power to withhold or garnish a portion of the revenue of the person subject to execution that is sufficient to cover the obligation he or she should perform, provided that such measures leave enough revenue to cover the necessary living expenses of the person subject to execution and of his or her dependants.
第二百四十三条 被执行人未按执行通知履行法律文书确定的义务，人民法院有权扣留、提取被执行人应当履行义务部分的收入。但应当保留被执行人及其所扶养家属的生活必需费用。
When deciding to withhold or garnish revenue, a people's court shall make a ruling and issue a notice requesting assistance with execution. Such notice must be complied with by the entity which the person subject to execution works for, banks, credit cooperatives and other entities providing deposit service.
人民法院扣留、提取收入时，应当作出裁定，并发出协助执行通知书，被执行人所在单位、银行、信用合作社和其他有储蓄业务的单位必须办理。
Article 244 If a person subject to execution fails to perform the obligation specified in the legal document in accordance with the notice of execution, the people's court shall have the power to seal up, seize, freeze, auction off or sell off a portion of the property of the person subject to execution sufficient to cover the obligation he or she should perform, provided that such action does not deprive the person subject to execution and his or her dependents of daily necessities.
第二百四十四条 被执行人未按执行通知履行法律文书确定的义务，人民法院有权查封、扣押、冻结、拍卖、变卖被执行人应当履行义务部分的财产。但应当保留被执行人及其所扶养家属的生活必需品。
When adopting any of the foregoing measures, a people's court shall make a ruling.
采取前款措施，人民法院应当作出裁定。
Article 245 When a people's court seals up or seizes property and the person subject to execution is a citizen, the court shall notify the person subject to execution or an adult member of his or her family that he or she should come to the scene. If the person subject to execution is a legal person or another organization, the court shall notify the legal representative or principally responsible person of the person subject to execution that he or she should come to the scene. Their refusal to come to the scene shall not affect the execution. If the person subject to execution is a citizen, the entity which he or she works for or the basic-level organization in the place where his or her property is located shall send representatives to attend the execution.
第二百四十五条 人民法院查封、扣押财产时，被执行人是公民的，应当通知被执行人或者他的成年家属到场；被执行人是法人或者其他组织的，应当通知其法定代表人或者主要负责人到场。拒不到场的，不影响执行。被执行人是公民的，其工作单位或者财产所在地的基层组织应当派人参加。
An execution officer must prepare a list of the sealed-up or seized property. A copy of the list shall be delivered to the person subject to execution after the persons present at the scene have signed or sealed the list. If the person subject to execution is a citizen, his or her copy may alternatively be delivered to an adult member of his or her family.
对被查封、扣押的财产，执行员必须造具清单，由在场人签名或者盖章后，交被执行人一份。被执行人是公民的，也可以交他的成年家属一份。
Article 246 An execution officer may designate the person subject to execution to take custody of the sealed-up property. The person subject to execution shall bear any losses incurred due to his or her fault.
第二百四十六条 被查封的财产，执行员可以指定被执行人负责保管。因被执行人的过错造成的损失，由被执行人承担。
Article 247 After the property has been sealed up or seized, the execution officer(s) shall order the person subject to execution to perform the obligation specified in the legal document within the specified time limit. If such person does not perform the obligation within the specified time limit, the people's court shall auction off the sealed-up or seized property; if the property is unfit for auction or the parties agree not to conduct such auction, the court may on its own accord or engage the relevant entities to sell the property. Goods that the State has prohibited to be traded freely shall be delivered to the relevant entities to be purchased at the prices stipulated by the State.
第二百四十七条 财产被查封、扣押后，执行员应当责令被执行人在指定期间履行法律文书确定的义务。被执行人逾期不履行的，人民法院应当拍卖被查封、扣押的财产；不适于拍卖或者当事人双方同意不进行拍卖的，人民法院可以委托有关单位变卖或者自行变卖。国家禁止自由买卖的物品，交有关单位按照国家规定的价格收购。
Article 248 Where a person subject to execution fails to perform the obligations specified in the legal document and conceals property, the people's court shall have the power to issue a search warrant to search the place of residence of the person subject to execution or the place where the property is concealed.
第二百四十八条 被执行人不履行法律文书确定的义务，并隐匿财产的，人民法院有权发出搜查令，对被执行人及其住所或者财产隐匿地进行搜查。
The court presidents shall issue a search warrant when adopting any of the foregoing measures.
采取前款措施，由院长签发搜查令。
Article 249 Where a legal document stipulates that property or a negotiable instrument must be delivered, the execution officer shall either summon both parties before him or her to effect delivery or deliver the item himself or herself. The person taking delivery shall sign for the same.
第二百四十九条 法律文书指定交付的财物或者票证，由执行员传唤双方当事人当面交付，或者由执行员转交，并由被交付人签收。
If the relevant entity is holding such property or negotiable instrument, it shall deliver the item in accordance with the notice requesting assistance with execution issued by the people's court and the person taking delivery shall sign for the same.
有关单位持有该项财物或者票证的，应当根据人民法院的协助执行通知书转交，并由被交付人签收。
If the citizen concerned is holding such property or negotiable instrument, the people's court shall order him or her to release the item. If he or she refuses to do so, the people's court shall enforce such release.
有关公民持有该项财物或者票证的，人民法院通知其交出。拒不交出的，强制执行。
Article 250 To evict a person subject to execution from a house or a piece of land, the court president shall issue a public notice to order him to perform within the specified time limit. If the person subject to execution fails to perform within the specified time limit, an execution officer shall enforce the order.
第二百五十条 强制迁出房屋或者强制退出土地，由院长签发公告，责令被执行人在指定期间履行。被执行人逾期不履行的，由执行员强制执行。
At the time of eviction, if the person subject to execution is a citizen, he or she or an adult member of his or her family shall be notified that he or she should come to the scene. If the person subject to execution is a legal person or another organization, the legal representative or the principally responsible person of the organization subject to execution shall be notified that he or she should come to the scene. Their refusal to come to the scene shall not affect the execution. If the person subject to execution is a citizen, the entity which he or she works for or the basic-level organization of the place where the house or land is located shall send representatives to attend the execution. The execution officer shall make a record of the particulars of the execution, which shall be signed or sealed by the persons at the scene.
强制执行时，被执行人是公民的，应当通知被执行人或者他的成年家属到场；被执行人是法人或者其他组织的，应当通知其法定代表人或者主要负责人到场。拒不到场的，不影响执行。被执行人是公民的，其工作单位或者房屋、土地所在地的基层组织应当派人参加。执行员应当将强制执行情况记入笔录，由在场人签名或者盖章。
The people's court shall send personnel to transport the property removed from the house from which the person subject to execution was evicted to a designated location for delivery to the person subject to execution. If such person is a citizen, such property and belongings may also be delivered to an adult member of his or her family. The person subject to execution shall bear any losses arising from the refusal to accept the property and belongings on the party of himself or herself or the adult member of his or her family.
强制迁出房屋被搬出的财物，由人民法院派人运至指定处所，交给被执行人。被执行人是公民的，也可以交给他的成年家属。因拒绝接收而造成的损失，由被执行人承担。
Article 251 If procedures for the transfer of title deeds must be carried out in the course of execution, the people's court may issue a notice requesting assistance with execution to the relevant entities, which must comply with such notice.
第二百五十一条 在执行中，需要办理有关财产权证照转移手续的，人民法院可以向有关单位发出协助执行通知书，有关单位必须办理。
Article 252 If a person subject to execution fails to perform the act specified in a judgment, ruling or other legal document in accordance with the notice of execution, the people's court may compel performance or entrust a relevant entity or other person with such performance, at the expense of the person subject to execution.
第二百五十二条 对判决、裁定和其他法律文书指定的行为，被执行人未按执行通知履行的，人民法院可以强制执行或者委托有关单位或者其他人完成，费用由被执行人承担。
Article 253 If a person subject to execution fails to perform his or her obligations to pay within the time limit specified in a judgment, ruling or other legal document, he or she shall pay twice the amount of interest on the debt for the period during which the performance is deferred. If a person subject to execution fails to perform any other obligations within the time limit specified in a judgment, ruling or other legal document, he or she shall pay a fine for deferred performance.
第二百五十三条 被执行人未按判决、裁定和其他法律文书指定的期间履行给付金钱义务的，应当加倍支付迟延履行期间的债务利息。被执行人未按判决、裁定和其他法律文书指定的期间履行其他义务的，应当支付迟延履行金。
Article 254 If a person subject to execution is still unable to repay his or her debts after a people's court has adopted any of the execution measures provided for in Articles 242, 243 and 244 of the Law, he or she shall continue to perform his or her obligation. If a creditor finds that the person subject to execution has other property, he or she may request execution by the people's court at any time.
第二百五十四条 人民法院采取本法第二百四十二条、第二百四十三条、第二百四十四条规定的执行措施后，被执行人仍不能偿还债务的，应当继续履行义务。债权人发现被执行人有其他财产的，可以随时请求人民法院执行。
Article 255 Where any person fails to perform the obligation specified in the legal documentation, the people's court may take steps towards or seek the assistance of his or her employer in the imposition of restrictions on him or her leaving the country, record in the public credit system or publicize through the media the fact that he or she has failed to perform his or her obligation, or adopt other measures provided by the law.
第二百五十五条 被执行人不履行法律文书确定的义务的，人民法院可以对其采取或者通知有关单位协助采取限制出境，在征信系统记录、通过媒体公布不履行义务信息以及法律规定的其他措施。
Chapter XXII Suspension and Termination of Execution
第二十二章执行中止和终结
Article 256 Under any of the following circumstances, the people's court may rule to suspend execution:
第二百五十六条 有下列情形之一的，人民法院应当裁定中止执行：
(1) the applicant indicates that the execution may be deferred;
（一）申请人表示可以延期执行的；
(2) a person who is not a participant in the case raises an objection on reasonable grounds with respect to the object of execution;
（二）案外人对执行标的提出确有理由的异议的；
(3) a citizen, being one of the parties, dies and it is necessary to wait for his or her successor to succeed to his or her rights or to assume his or her obligations;
（三）作为一方当事人的公民死亡，需要等待继承人继承权利或者承担义务的；
(4) a legal person or another organization, being one of the parties, is terminated and the person that will succeed to its rights and obligations has not yet been determined; or
（四）作为一方当事人的法人或者其他组织终止，尚未确定权利义务承受人的；
(5) other circumstances which the people's court deems to call for suspension of execution.
（五）人民法院认为应当中止执行的其他情形。
Execution shall be resumed when the circumstances calling for suspension of execution cease.
中止的情形消失后，恢复执行。
Article 257 Under any of the following circumstances, a people's court shall rule to terminate execution:
第二百五十七条 有下列情形之一的，人民法院裁定终结执行：
(1)the applicant withdraws his or her application;
（一）申请人撤销申请的；
(2) the legal document on which the execution is based is revoked;
（二）据以执行的法律文书被撤销的；
(3) the person subject to execution is a citizen, who dies without an estate against which execution can be effected and without a person to assume his or her obligations;
（三）作为被执行人的公民死亡，无遗产可供执行，又无义务承担人的；
(4) the person who has the right to claim payment of overdue alimony, maintenance or child support dies;
（四）追索赡养费、扶养费、抚育费案件的权利人死亡的；
(5) the person subject to execution is a citizen who has lost his or her ability to work and is unable to repay a loan due to poor financial circumstances and lack of a source of revenue; or
（五）作为被执行人的公民因生活困难无力偿还借款，无收入来源，又丧失劳动能力的；
(6) other circumstances occur that the people's court deems to require the termination of execution.
（六）人民法院认为应当终结执行的其他情形。
Article 258 A ruling of suspension or termination of execution shall become effective immediately after it has been served on the parties.
第二百五十八条 中止和终结执行的裁定，送达当事人后立即生效。
Part Four Special Provisions on Civil Actions Involving Foreign Parties
第四编涉外民事诉讼程序的特别规定
Chapter XXIII General Provisions
第二十三章一般原则
Article 259 This Part shall apply to civil actions within the territory of the People's Republic of China involving foreign parties. For matters not addressed in this Part, the other relevant provisions of the Law shall apply.
第二百五十九条 在中华人民共和国领域内进行涉外民事诉讼，适用本编规定。本编没有规定的，适用本法其他有关规定。
Article 260 If an international treaty that the People's Republic of China has concluded or acceded to contains provisions that are inconsistent with the Law, the provisions of the international treaty shall prevail, except for those provisions to which the People's Republic of China has declared its reservations.
第二百六十条 中华人民共和国缔结或者参加的国际条约同本法有不同规定的，适用该国际条约的规定，但中华人民共和国声明保留的条款除外。
Article 261 Civil actions instituted against foreigners, foreign organizations or international organizations that enjoy diplomatic privileges and immunities shall be handled in accordance with the relevant laws of the People's Republic of China and the relevant international treaties concluded or acceded to by the People's Republic of China.
第二百六十一条 对享有外交特权与豁免的外国人、外国组织或者国际组织提起的民事诉讼，应当依照中华人民共和国有关法律和中华人民共和国缔结或者参加的国际条约的规定办理。
Article 262 In trying civil cases involving foreign parties, a people's court shall use the written and spoken language commonly used in the People's Republic of China. At the request of a party, translation may be provided at the expense of such party.
第二百六十二条 人民法院审理涉外民事案件，应当使用中华人民共和国通用的语言、文字。当事人要求提供翻译的，可以提供，费用由当事人承担。
Article 263 An alien, stateless person or foreign enterprise or organization that needs to be represented by a lawyer as his, her or its agent ad litem in instituting and responding to an action in a people's court shall appoint a lawyer of the People's Republic of China.
第二百六十三条 外国人、无国籍人、外国企业和组织在人民法院起诉、应诉，需要委托律师代理诉讼的，必须委托中华人民共和国的律师。
Article 264 When an alien, stateless person or foreign enterprise or organization without a domicile within the territory of the People's Republic of China appoints a lawyer or another person of the People's Republic of China as his, her or its agent ad litem, the power of attorney sent or forwarded from outside the territory of the People's Republic of China shall become effective only after it has been notarized by a notary public of his or its state and either has been authenticated by the embassy or a consulate of the People's Republic of China in that state or certification procedures provided for in the relevant treaty between the People's Republic of China and that state have been carried out.
第二百六十四条 在中华人民共和国领域内没有住所的外国人、无国籍人、外国企业和组织委托中华人民共和国律师或者其他人代理诉讼，从中华人民共和国领域外寄交或者托交的授权委托书，应当经所在国公证机关证明，并经中华人民共和国驻该国使领馆认证，或者履行中华人民共和国与该所在国订立的有关条约中规定的证明手续后，才具有效力。
Chapter XXIV Jurisdiction
第二十四章管辖
Article 265 Where an action is instituted against a defendant without a domicile within the territory of the People's Republic of China concerning a dispute over a contract or rights and interests in property, if the contract was executed or performed within the territory of the People's Republic of China, or the subject matter of the action is located within the territory of the People's Republic of China, or the defendant has seized property within the territory of the People's Republic of China, or the defendant maintains a representative office within the territory of the People's Republic of China, the action may come under the jurisdiction of the people's court of the place where the contract was executed, the place where the contract was performed, the place where the subject matter of action is located, the place where the seized property is located, the place where the tort was committed or the place where the representative office is domiciled.
第二百六十五条 因合同纠纷或者其他财产权益纠纷，对在中华人民共和国领域内没有住所的被告提起的诉讼，如果合同在中华人民共和国领域内签订或者履行，或者诉讼标的物在中华人民共和国领域内，或者被告在中华人民共和国领域内有可供扣押的财产，或者被告在中华人民共和国领域内设有代表机构，可以由合同签订地、合同履行地、诉讼标的物所在地、可供扣押财产所在地、侵权行为地或者代表机构住所地人民法院管辖。
Article 266 An action instituted for a dispute arising from the performance in the People's Republic of China of a Sino-foreign equity joint venture contract, a Sino-foreign cooperative joint venture contract or a contract for Sino-foreign cooperative exploration and development of natural resources shall come under the jurisdiction of the people's courts of the People's Republic of China.
第二百六十六条 因在中华人民共和国履行中外合资经营企业合同、中外合作经营企业合同、中外合作勘探开发自然资源合同发生纠纷提起的诉讼，由中华人民共和国人民法院管辖。
Chapter XXV Service and Time Periods
第二十五章送达、期间
Article 267 A people's court may serve procedural documents on a party without a domicile within the territory of the People's Republic of China in the following ways:
第二百六十七条 人民法院对在中华人民共和国领域内没有住所的当事人送达诉讼文书，可以采用下列方式：
(1) service in the way specified in an international treaty concluded between or acceded to by the state of the person to be served and the People's Republic of China;
（一）依照受送达人所在国与中华人民共和国缔结或者共同参加的国际条约中规定的方式送达；
(2) service through diplomatic channels;
（二）通过外交途径送达；
(3) where the person to be served is a national of the People's Republic of China, entrustment of the embassy or a consulate of the People's Republic of China in the state where such person is located with service on its behalf;
（三）对具有中华人民共和国国籍的受送达人，可以委托中华人民共和国驻受送达人所在国的使领馆代为送达；
(4) service on the agent ad litem appointed by the person to be served and authorized to accept service on his or her behalf;
（四）向受送达人委托的有权代其接受送达的诉讼代理人送达；
(5) service on the representative office, or the branch or business agent authorized to accept service, established within the territory of the People's Republic of China by the person to be served;
（五）向受送达人在中华人民共和国领域内设立的代表机构或者有权接受送达的分支机构、业务代办人送达；
(6) service shall be made by post if it is permitted by the law of the State of the person to be serviced. If the acknowledgment of service is not returned within three months after the date of posting, and various circumstances justify the assumption that the document has been served, the document shall be deemed to have been served on the date of expiry of the time limit;
（六）受送达人所在国的法律允许邮寄送达的，可以邮寄送达，自邮寄之日起满三个月，送达回证没有退回，但根据各种情况足以认定已经送达的，期间届满之日视为送达；
(7) service by facsimile, e-mail and any other means through which the receipt of the document may be acknowledged; or
（七）采用传真、电子邮件等能够确认受送达人收悉的方式送达；
(8) where a document cannot be served by any of the above means, it shall be served by public announcement. The documents shall be deemed to have been served after three months from the date of the public announcement.
（八）不能用上述方式送达的，公告送达，自公告之日起满三个月，即视为送达。
Article 268 Where a defendant does not have a domicile within the territory of the People's Republic of China, the people's court shall serve a copy of the statement of claim on the defendant and notify the defendant that he or she should submit a statement of defence within 30 days from receipt of the copy of the statement of claim. Where the defendant applies for an extension of the time limit, the people's court shall decide on the application.
第二百六十八条 被告在中华人民共和国领域内没有住所的，人民法院应当将起诉状副本送达被告，并通知被告在收到起诉状副本后三十日内提出答辩状。被告申请延期的，是否准许，由人民法院决定。
Article 269 Where a party without a domicile within the territory of the People's Republic of China disagrees with the judgment or ruling rendered by the people's court of first instance, he or she shall have the right to lodge an appeal within 30 days from the date on which the judgment or ruling is served. The respondent shall file a statement of defence within 30 days after the date of receipt of the copy of the appeal petition. If a party is unable to lodge an appeal or to submit a defence within the statutory time limit and applies for an extension of the time limit, the people's court shall decide on the application.
第二百六十九条 在中华人民共和国领域内没有住所的当事人，不服第一审人民法院判决、裁定的，有权在判决书、裁定书送达之日起三十日内提起上诉。被上诉人在收到上诉状副本后，应当在三十日内提出答辩状。当事人不能在法定期间提起上诉或者提出答辩状，申请延期的，是否准许，由人民法院决定。
Article 270 The period for the trial by the people's court of civil cases involving foreign parties shall not be subject to the restrictions of Articles 149 and 176 of the Law.
第二百七十条 人民法院审理涉外民事案件的期间，不受本法第一百四十九条、第一百七十六条规定的限制。
Chapter XXVI Arbitration
第二十六章仲裁
Article 271 Where disputes arising from economic, trade, transport or maritime activities involve foreign parties, if the parties have included an arbitration clause in their contract or subsequently reach a written arbitration agreement that provides that such disputes shall be submitted for arbitration to an arbitration institution of the People's Republic of China for foreign-related disputes or to another arbitration institution, no party may institute an action in a people's court.
第二百七十一条 涉外经济贸易、运输和海事中发生的纠纷，当事人在合同中订有仲裁条款或者事后达成书面仲裁协议，提交中华人民共和国涉外仲裁机构或者其他仲裁机构仲裁的，当事人不得向人民法院起诉。
If the parties have neither included an arbitration clause in their contract nor subsequently reached a written arbitration agreement, an action may be instituted in a people's court.
当事人在合同中没有订有仲裁条款或者事后没有达成书面仲裁协议的，可以向人民法院起诉。
Article 272 If a party applies for preservation, the arbitration institution of the People's Republic of China for foreign-related disputes shall submit the application to the intermediate people's court of the place where the domicile of the person against whom the application is made is located or where the property is located.
第二百七十二条 当事人申请采取保全的，中华人民共和国的涉外仲裁机构应当将当事人的申请，提交被申请人住所地或者财产所在地的中级人民法院裁定。
Article 273 After an award has been made by an arbitration institution of the People's Republic of China for foreign-related disputes, no party may institute an action in a people's court. If a party fails to perform the arbitral award, the other party may apply for award enforcement to the intermediate people's court of the place where the domicile of the person against whom an application is made is located or where the property is located.
第二百七十三条 经中华人民共和国涉外仲裁机构裁决的，当事人不得向人民法院起诉。一方当事人不履行仲裁裁决的，对方当事人可以向被申请人住所地或者财产所在地的中级人民法院申请执行。
Article 274 If the person against whom the application is made presents evidence that the arbitral award made by an arbitration institution of the People's Republic of China for foreign-related disputes falls under any of the following circumstances, the people's court shall, after examination and verification by a collegiate bench formed by the people's court, rule to deny enforcement of the award:
第二百七十四条 对中华人民共和国涉外仲裁机构作出的裁决，被申请人提出证据证明仲裁裁决有下列情形之一的，经人民法院组成合议庭审查核实，裁定不予执行：
(1) the parties have neither included an arbitration clause in their contract nor subsequently reached a written arbitration agreement;
（一）当事人在合同中没有订有仲裁条款或者事后没有达成书面仲裁协议的；
(2) the person against whom the application is made was not requested to appoint an arbitrator or take part in the arbitration proceedings or the person was unable to state his or her opinions due to reasons for which he or she is not responsible;
（二）被申请人没有得到指定仲裁员或者进行仲裁程序的通知，或者由于其他不属于被申请人负责的原因未能陈述意见的；
(3) the composition of the arbitration tribunal or the arbitration procedure was not in conformity with the rules of arbitration; or
（三）仲裁庭的组成或者仲裁的程序与仲裁规则不符的；
(4) matters decided in the award exceed the scope of the arbitration agreement or are beyond the arbitral authority of the arbitration institution.
（四）裁决的事项不属于仲裁协议的范围或者仲裁机构无权仲裁的。
Where the people's court determines that the enforcement of the said award would be against public interest, it shall rule to deny enforcement.
人民法院认定执行该裁决违背社会公共利益的，裁定不予执行。
Article 275 If a people's court rules to deny enforcement of an arbitral award, a party may, in accordance with a written arbitration agreement between the two parties, re-apply to the arbitration institution for arbitration, or institute an action in a people's court.
第二百七十五条 仲裁裁决被人民法院裁定不予执行的，当事人可以根据双方达成的书面仲裁协议重新申请仲裁，也可以向人民法院起诉。
Chapter XXVII Judicial Assistance
第二十七章司法协助
Article 276 Pursuant to international treaties concluded or acceded to by the People's Republic of China or in accordance with the principle of reciprocity, people's courts and foreign courts may request mutual assistance in the service of legal documents, investigation, collection of evidence, and other acts in connection with litigation, on each other's behalf.
第二百七十六条 根据中华人民共和国缔结或者参加的国际条约，或者按照互惠原则，人民法院和外国法院可以相互请求，代为送达文书、调查取证以及进行其他诉讼行为。
Where any matter in which a foreign court requests assistance would harm the sovereignty, security or public interest of the People's Republic of China, the people's court shall refuse to comply with the request.
外国法院请求协助的事项有损于中华人民共和国的主权、安全或者社会公共利益的，人民法院不予执行。
Article 277 The request for and provision of judicial assistance shall be conducted through the channels stipulated in the international treaties concluded or acceded to by the People's Republic of China. Where no treaty relations exist, the request for and provision of judicial assistance shall be conducted through diplomatic channels.
第二百七十七条 请求和提供司法协助，应当依照中华人民共和国缔结或者参加的国际条约所规定的途径进行；没有条约关系的，通过外交途径进行。
The embassy or a consulate in the People's Republic of China of a foreign state may serve documents on, investigate, and take evidence from its citizens, provided that the law of the People's Republic of China is not violated and that no compulsory measures are adopted.
外国驻中华人民共和国的使领馆可以向该国公民送达文书和调查取证，但不得违反中华人民共和国的法律，并不得采取强制措施。
Except for the circumstances set forth in the preceding paragraph, no foreign agency or individual may, without the consent of the competent authorities of the People's Republic of China, serve documents, carry out an investigation or collect evidence within the territory of the People's Republic of China.
除前款规定的情况外，未经中华人民共和国主管机关准许，任何外国机关或者个人不得在中华人民共和国领域内送达文书、调查取证。
Article 278 The letter of request for judicial assistance and its annexes submitted to a people's court by a foreign court shall be accompanied by a Chinese translation or a text in another language as specified in the relevant international treaty.
第二百七十八条 外国法院请求人民法院提供司法协助的请求书及其所附文件，应当附有中文译本或者国际条约规定的其他文字文本。
The letter of request for judicial assistance and its annexes submitted to a foreign court by a people's court shall be accompanied by a translation in the language of that state or a text in another language as specified in the relevant international treaty.
人民法院请求外国法院提供司法协助的请求书及其所附文件，应当附有该国文字译本或者国际条约规定的其他文字文本。
Article 279 The judicial assistance provided by a people's court shall be carried out in accordance with the procedure prescribed by the law of the People's Republic of China. If a special method is requested by a foreign court, judicial assistance may also be provided using the special method requested, provided that such special method shall not violate the law of the People's Republic of China.
第二百七十九条 人民法院提供司法协助，依照中华人民共和国法律规定的程序进行。外国法院请求采用特殊方式的，也可以按照其请求的特殊方式进行，但请求采用的特殊方式不得违反中华人民共和国法律。
Article 280 If a party applies for enforcement of a legally effective judgment or ruling made by a people's court and the party subject to execution or his property is not located within the territory of the People's Republic of China, the applicant may directly apply for recognition and execution to the foreign court with jurisdiction. Alternatively, the people's court may, pursuant to an international treaty concluded or acceded to by the People's Republic of China or in accordance with the principle of reciprocity, request the foreign court to recognize and execute the judgment or ruling.
第二百八十条 人民法院作出的发生法律效力的判决、裁定，如果被执行人或者其财产不在中华人民共和国领域内，当事人请求执行的，可以由当事人直接向有管辖权的外国法院申请承认和执行，也可以由人民法院依照中华人民共和国缔结或者参加的国际条约的规定，或者按照互惠原则，请求外国法院承认和执行。
If a party applies for enforcement of a legally effective arbitral award made by an arbitration institution of the People's Republic of China for foreign-related disputes and the party subject to execution or its property is not located within the territory of the People's Republic of China, it shall directly apply for recognition and execution to the foreign court with jurisdiction.
中华人民共和国涉外仲裁机构作出的发生法律效力的仲裁裁决，当事人请求执行的，如果被执行人或者其财产不在中华人民共和国领域内，应当由当事人直接向有管辖权的外国法院申请承认和执行。
Article 281 If a legally effective judgment or ruling made by a foreign court requires recognition and enforcement by a people's court of the People's Republic of China, the party concerned may directly apply for recognition and enforcement to the intermediate people's court with jurisdiction of the People's Republic of China. Alternatively, the foreign court may, pursuant to the provisions of an international treaty concluded between or acceded to by the foreign state and the People's Republic of China, or in accordance with the principle of reciprocity, request the people's court to recognize and execute the judgment or ruling.
第二百八十一条 外国法院作出的发生法律效力的判决、裁定，需要中华人民共和国人民法院承认和执行的，可以由当事人直接向中华人民共和国有管辖权的中级人民法院申请承认和执行，也可以由外国法院依照该国与中华人民共和国缔结或者参加的国际条约的规定，或者按照互惠原则，请求人民法院承认和执行。
Article 282 Having received an application or a request for recognition and enforcement of a legally effective judgment or ruling of a foreign court, a people's court shall review such judgment or ruling pursuant to international treaties concluded or acceded to by the People's Republic of China or in accordance with the principle of reciprocity. If, upon such review, the people's court considers that such judgment or ruling neither contradicts the basic principles of the law of the People's Republic of China nor violates State sovereignty, security and the public interest, it shall rule to recognize its effectiveness. If execution is necessary, it shall issue an order of enforcement, which shall be implemented in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Law. If such judgment or ruling contradicts the basic principles of the law of the People's Republic of China or violates State sovereignty, security or the public interest, the people's court shall refuse to recognize and enforce the judgment or ruling.
第二百八十二条 人民法院对申请或者请求承认和执行的外国法院作出的发生法律效力的判决、裁定，依照中华人民共和国缔结或者参加的国际条约，或者按照互惠原则进行审查后，认为不违反中华人民共和国法律的基本原则或者国家主权、安全、社会公共利益的，裁定承认其效力，需要执行的，发出执行令，依照本法的有关规定执行。违反中华人民共和国法律的基本原则或者国家主权、安全、社会公共利益的，不予承认和执行。
Article 283 If an award made by a foreign arbitration institution must be recognized and executed by a people's court of the People's Republic of China, the party concerned shall directly apply to the intermediate people's court of the place where the party subject to execution is domiciled or where his property is located. The people's court shall handle the matter pursuant to international treaties concluded or acceded to by the People's Republic of China or in accordance with the principle of reciprocity.
第二百八十三条 国外仲裁机构的裁决，需要中华人民共和国人民法院承认和执行的，应当由当事人直接向被执行人住所地或者其财产所在地的中级人民法院申请，人民法院应当依照中华人民共和国缔结或者参加的国际条约，或者按照互惠原则办理。
Article 284 The Law shall be implemented as of the date of promulgation. The Civil Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China (for Trial Implementation) shall be repealed simultaneously.
第二百八十四条 本法自公布之日起施行，《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法（试行）》同时废止。