Data Security Law of the People's Republic of China
中华人民共和国数据安全法
(Adopted at the 29th Meeting of the Standing Committee of the Thirteenth National People’s Congress on June 10, 2021)
（2021年6月10日第十三届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第二十九次会议通过）
Chapter I General Provisions
第一章 总 则
Article 1 This Law is enacted for the purpose of regulating data processing, ensuring data security, promoting development and utilization of data, protecting the lawful rights and interests of individuals and organizations, and safeguarding the sovereignty, security, and development interests of the state.
第一条 为了规范数据处理活动，保障数据安全，促进数据开发利用，保护个人、组织的合法权益，维护国家主权、安全和发展利益，制定本法。
Article 2 This Law shall apply to data processing activities and security supervision and regulation of such activities within the territory of the People’s Republic of China.
第二条 在中华人民共和国境内开展数据处理活动及其安全监管，适用本法。
Where data processing outside the territory of People’s Republic of China harms the national security, public interests, or the lawful rights and interests of individuals or organizations of the People’s Republic of China, legal liabilityshall be investigated in accordance with the law.
在中华人民共和国境外开展数据处理活动，损害中华人民共和国国家安全、公共利益或者公民、组织合法权益的，依法追究法律责任。
Article 3 For the purpose of this Law, the term “data” refers to any record of information in electronic or any other form.
第三条 本法所称数据，是指任何以电子或者其他方式对信息的记录。
“Data processing” includes the collection, storage, use, processing, transmission, provision, and disclosure of data, among others.
数据处理，包括数据的收集、存储、使用、加工、传输、提供、公开等。
“Data security” refers to ensuring that data is effectively protected and lawfully used through adopting necessary measures, and to possessing the capacity to guarantee the continuous security of data.
数据安全，是指通过采取必要措施，确保数据处于有效保护和合法利用的状态，以及具备保障持续安全状态的能力。
Article 4 In preserving data security, the holistic approach to national security shall be adopted, sound data security governance systems shall be established, and data security and protection capabilities shall be improved.
第四条 维护数据安全，应当坚持总体国家安全观，建立健全数据安全治理体系，提高数据安全保障能力。
Article 5 The central leading authority for national security shall be responsible for the decision-making, deliberation and coordination of the national data security work; researching, formulating, and guiding the implementation of the national data security strategy and related major guidelines and policies; coordinating major matters and important work in respect of national data security; and establishing a coordination mechanism for national data security.
第五条 中央国家安全领导机构负责国家数据安全工作的决策和议事协调，研究制定、指导实施国家数据安全战略和有关重大方针政策，统筹协调国家数据安全的重大事项和重要工作，建立国家数据安全工作协调机制。
Article 6 All localities and departments shall bear responsibility for the management of the data collected or generated in their work as well as for the data security thereof.
第六条 各地区、各部门对本地区、本部门工作中收集和产生的数据及数据安全负责。
The competent departments of industry, telecommunications, transport, finance, natural resources, health, education, technology and other relevant competent departments shall assume the responsibilities of supervising and regulating data security in their respective trades and sectors.
工业、电信、交通、金融、自然资源、卫生健康、教育、科技等主管部门承担本行业、本领域数据安全监管职责。
Public security organs and national security organs, etc. shall assume the responsibilities of supervising and regulating data security within the scopes of their respective duties in accordance with the provisions of this Law and other relevant laws and administrative regulations.
公安机关、国家安全机关等依照本法和有关法律、行政法规的规定，在各自职责范围内承担数据安全监管职责。
The national cyberspace affairs department shall be in charge of the overall planning and coordination of network data security and the related supervision and regulation in accordance with the provisions of this Law and other relevant laws and administrative regulations.
国家网信部门依照本法和有关法律、行政法规的规定，负责统筹协调网络数据安全和相关监管工作。
Article 7 The state shall protect the data-related rights and interests of individuals and organizations, encourage the lawful, reasonable, and effective use of data, ensure free flow of data in an orderly manner and in accordance with the law, and promote the development of a digital economy with data as the key factor.
第七条 国家保护个人、组织与数据有关的权益，鼓励数据依法合理有效利用，保障数据依法有序自由流动，促进以数据为关键要素的数字经济发展。
Article 8 Whoever processes data shall observe laws and regulations, respect social morality and ethics, observe business and professional ethics, uphold honesty and trustworthiness, fulfill data security protection obligations, and undertake social responsibilities; and shall not endanger national security and public interests, nor harm the lawful rights and interests of individuals and organizations.
第八条 开展数据处理活动，应当遵守法律、法规，尊重社会公德和伦理，遵守商业道德和职业道德，诚实守信，履行数据安全保护义务，承担社会责任，不得危害国家安全、公共利益，不得损害个人、组织的合法权益。
Article 9 The state supports the dissemination and popularization of knowledge of data security to raise public awareness in this regard and ability to protect data security, and promotes the joint participation by relevant departments, industry organizations, research institutions, enterprises, and individuals in data security protection, so as to create a good environment for members of the whole society to jointly protect data, ensure data security and promote development of relevant industries.
第九条 国家支持开展数据安全知识宣传普及，提高全社会的数据安全保护意识和水平，推动有关部门、行业组织、科研机构、企业、个人等共同参与数据安全保护工作，形成全社会共同维护数据安全和促进发展的良好环境。
Article 10 Relevant industry associations shall, in accordance with their articles of association, formulate the code of conduct and standards to ensure data security according to the law, strengthen self-regulation in their respective industries, guide members to strengthen data security protection, improve their protection level and promote the healthy development of the industries.
第十条 相关行业组织按照章程，依法制定数据安全行为规范和团体标准，加强行业自律，指导会员加强数据安全保护，提高数据安全保护水平，促进行业健康发展。
Article 11 The state shall actively carry out international exchanges and cooperation in fields such as data security governance and data development and utilization, participate in the formulation of relevant international rules and standards for data security, and promote the safe and free flow of data across borders.
第十一条 国家积极开展数据安全治理、数据开发利用等领域的国际交流与合作，参与数据安全相关国际规则和标准的制定，促进数据跨境安全、自由流动。
Article 12 Any individual or organization shall have the right to file complaints about or report violations of this Law to the competent departments. The departments receiving such complaints or reports shall deal with them in a timely manner in accordance with the law.
第十二条 任何个人、组织都有权对违反本法规定的行为向有关主管部门投诉、举报。收到投诉、举报的部门应当及时依法处理。
The competent departments shall keep confidential the relevant information of those making such complaints or reports, and protect their lawful rights and interests.
有关主管部门应当对投诉、举报人的相关信息予以保密，保护投诉、举报人的合法权益。
Chapter II Data Security and Development
第二章 数据安全与发展
Article 13 The state shall make an overall plan to coordinate development and security, to promote data security through data development and utilization and through industrial development on one hand, and on the other hand, to ensure that data security facilitates data development and utilization as well as industrial development.
第十三条 国家统筹发展和安全，坚持以数据开发利用和产业发展促进数据安全，以数据安全保障数据开发利用和产业发展。
Article 14 The state shall implement the big data strategy, advance the construction of data infrastructure, and encourage and support the innovative application of data in all industries and fields.
第十四条 国家实施大数据战略，推进数据基础设施建设，鼓励和支持数据在各行业、各领域的创新应用。
People’s governments at or above the provincial level shall incorporate the development of digital economy into their national economic and social development plans, and formulate development plans for the digital economy as needed.
省级以上人民政府应当将数字经济发展纳入本级国民经济和社会发展规划，并根据需要制定数字经济发展规划。
Article 15 The state supports development and utilization of data to renderpublic services smarter. In providing smarter public services, the needs of the elderly and the disabled shall be taken into full account to avoid posing obstacles to their daily lives.
第十五条 国家支持开发利用数据提升公共服务的智能化水平。提供智能化公共服务，应当充分考虑老年人、残疾人的需求，避免对老年人、残疾人的日常生活造成障碍。
Article 16 The state supports research on development and utilization of data and on data security related technologies, encourages popularization and commercial innovation of technologies in the foregoing fields, and fosters and develops products and industrial systems for development and utilization of data and for data security.
第十六条 国家支持数据开发利用和数据安全技术研究，鼓励数据开发利用和数据安全等领域的技术推广和商业创新，培育、发展数据开发利用和数据安全产品、产业体系。
Article 17 The state shall advance the forming of the standards for data development and the standards for data utilization technologies and data security. The department in charge of standardization under the State Council and other relevant departments under the State Council shall, within the scopes of their respective duties and functions, organize the establishment of, and make revisions in due time to the standards for technologies and products for data development and data utilization and the standards for data security. The state shall support enterprises, social groups, and education or research institutions, etc. in their participation in the establishment of such standards.
第十七条 国家推进数据开发利用技术和数据安全标准体系建设。国务院标准化行政主管部门和国务院有关部门根据各自的职责，组织制定并适时修订有关数据开发利用技术、产品和数据安全相关标准。国家支持企业、社会团体和教育、科研机构等参与标准制定。
Article 18 The state encourages the development of services such as data security testing, evaluation, and accreditation, and supports agencies specialized in data security testing, evaluation, accreditation, etc. to provide servicesaccording to the law.
第十八条 国家促进数据安全检测评估、认证等服务的发展，支持数据安全检测评估、认证等专业机构依法开展服务活动。
The state supports collaboration among relevant departments, industry associations, enterprises, education and research institutions, relevant specialized agencies, etc. in the fields such as data security related risk assessment, prevention, and disposal .
国家支持有关部门、行业组织、企业、教育和科研机构、有关专业机构等在数据安全风险评估、防范、处置等方面开展协作。
Article 19 The state shall establish sound systems for data trading management, standardize data trading activities, and foster a data trading market.
第十九条 国家建立健全数据交易管理制度，规范数据交易行为，培育数据交易市场。
Article 20 The state supports education and research institutions, enterprises, and other entities in carrying out education and training on technologies for data development and utilization and on data security, cultivatesprofessionals in data development and utilization technologies and in data security by a variety of means, and promotes talent exchanges.
第二十条 国家支持教育、科研机构和企业等开展数据开发利用技术和数据安全相关教育和培训，采取多种方式培养数据开发利用技术和数据安全专业人才，促进人才交流。
Chapter III Data Security Systems
第三章 数据安全制度
Article 21 The state shall establish a categorized and classified system and carry out data protection based on the importance of the data in economic and social development, as well as the extent of harm to national security, public interests, or the lawful rights and interests of individuals or organizations that will be caused once the data are altered, destroyed, leaked, or illegally obtained or used. The coordination mechanism for national data security shall coordinate the relevant departments to formulate a catalog of important data and strengthen protection of important data.
第二十一条 国家建立数据分类分级保护制度，根据数据在经济社会发展中的重要程度，以及一旦遭到篡改、破坏、泄露或者非法获取、非法利用，对国家安全、公共利益或者个人、组织合法权益造成的危害程度，对数据实行分类分级保护。国家数据安全工作协调机制统筹协调有关部门制定重要数据目录，加强对重要数据的保护。
Data concerning national security, lifelines of the national economy, important aspects of people’s lives, major public interests, ect., are core data of the state, for which a stricter management system shall be implemented.
关系国家安全、国民经济命脉、重要民生、重大公共利益等数据属于国家核心数据，实行更加严格的管理制度。
All localities and departments shall, in accordance with the categorized and classified data protection system, prepare specific catalogs of important data for their respective regions, departments, and relevant industries and sectors, andgive priority to the data listed in the catalogs in terms of data protection.
各地区、各部门应当按照数据分类分级保护制度，确定本地区、本部门以及相关行业、领域的重要数据具体目录，对列入目录的数据进行重点保护。
Article 22 The state shall establish a centralized, unified, highly effective, and authoritative mechanism for assessing, reporting, information sharing, monitoring, and early alert of data security risks. The coordinating mechanism for national data security shall make an overall plan on and coordinate relevant departments in strengthening the work about acquiring, analyzing, researching and evaluating information of data security risks and the work about early alert of such risks.
第二十二条 国家建立集中统一、高效权威的数据安全风险评估、报告、信息共享、监测预警机制。国家数据安全工作协调机制统筹协调有关部门加强数据安全风险信息的获取、分析、研判、预警工作。
Article 23 The state shall establish a data security emergency response mechanism. Where a data security incident occurs, the relevant competent departments shall initiate emergency response in accordance with the plan and the law, take corresponding measures to prevent further harm and eliminate security hazards, and send out warnings to the public by publishing information relevant thereto in a timely manner.
第二十三条 国家建立数据安全应急处置机制。发生数据安全事件，有关主管部门应当依法启动应急预案，采取相应的应急处置措施，防止危害扩大，消除安全隐患，并及时向社会发布与公众有关的警示信息。
Article 24 The state shall establish a review system for data security, conducting national security reviews of data processing that affects or may affect national security.
第二十四条 国家建立数据安全审查制度，对影响或者可能影响国家安全的数据处理活动进行国家安全审查。
Security review decisions made in accordance with the law are final decisions.
依法作出的安全审查决定为最终决定。
Article 25 The state shall apply export control in accordance with the law on data that are controlled items and concern national security and interests and the performance of international obligations.
第二十五条 国家对与维护国家安全和利益、履行国际义务相关的属于管制物项的数据依法实施出口管制。
Article 26 Where any country or region adopts discriminatory prohibitions, restrictions, or other similar measures against the People’s Republic of China in respect of investment, trade or any other field related to data and data development and utilization technologies, the People’s Republic of China may take countermeasures against that country or region in light of the actual circumstances.
第二十六条 任何国家或者地区在与数据和数据开发利用技术等有关的投资、贸易等方面对中华人民共和国采取歧视性的禁止、限制或者其他类似措施的，中华人民共和国可以根据实际情况对该国家或者地区对等采取措施。
Chapter IV Data Security Protection Obligations
第四章 数据安全保护义务
Article 27 In data processing, the laws and regulations shall be complied with, a sound data security management system throughout the whole process shall be established, data security education and training shall be organized and conducted, and corresponding technical measures and other necessary measures shall be adopted to ensure data security. In data processing by making use of the internet or any other information networks, the abovementioned data security obligations shall be fulfilled on the basis of the classified protection system for cyber security.
第二十七条 开展数据处理活动应当依照法律、法规的规定，建立健全全流程数据安全管理制度，组织开展数据安全教育培训，采取相应的技术措施和其他必要措施，保障数据安全。利用互联网等信息网络开展数据处理活动，应当在网络安全等级保护制度的基础上，履行上述数据安全保护义务。
Processors of important data shall be clear about their persons responsible for data security and the data security management bodies, and fulfill the responsibilities for data security.
重要数据的处理者应当明确数据安全负责人和管理机构，落实数据安全保护责任。
Article 28 Data processing as well as research and development of new data technologies shall be conducive to furthering economic and social development, and improving the well-being of people, and shall conform to social morals and ethics.
第二十八条 开展数据处理活动以及研究开发数据新技术，应当有利于促进经济社会发展，增进人民福祉，符合社会公德和伦理。
Article 29 Closer risk monitoring shall be applied in data processing. Where data security defects, bugs, or other risks are discovered, remedial measures shall be taken immediately. Where a data security incident occurs, measures shall be taken immediately to address it, and users shall be notified and reports made to relevant competent departments in a timely manner in accordance with relevant provisions.
第二十九条 开展数据处理活动应当加强风险监测，发现数据安全缺陷、漏洞等风险时，应当立即采取补救措施；发生数据安全事件时，应当立即采取处置措施，按照规定及时告知用户并向有关主管部门报告。
Article 30 Processors of important data shall, in accordance with the relevant provisions, conduct risk assessments of their data processing on a regular basis and submit risk assessment reports to relevant competent departments.
第三十条 重要数据的处理者应当按照规定对其数据处理活动定期开展风险评估，并向有关主管部门报送风险评估报告。
Risk assessment reports shall include the types and amounts of important data processed, information on data processing, data security risks and the response measures for them.
风险评估报告应当包括处理的重要数据的种类、数量，开展数据处理活动的情况，面临的数据安全风险及其应对措施等。
Article 31 The provisions of the Cyber Security Law of the People’s Republic of China shall apply to the outbound security management of the important data collected or produced by critical information infrastructure operators during their operation within the territory of the People’s Republic of China, and the measures for the outbound security management of the important data collected or produced by others data processors during their operation within the territory of the People’s Republic of China shall be formulated by the national cyberspace authority in conjunction with the relevant departments under the State Council.
第三十一条 关键信息基础设施的运营者在中华人民共和国境内运营中收集和产生的重要数据的出境安全管理，适用《中华人民共和国网络安全法》的规定；其他数据处理者在中华人民共和国境内运营中收集和产生的重要数据的出境安全管理办法，由国家网信部门会同国务院有关部门制定。
Article 32 An organization or individual shall collect data by lawful and proper means, and shall not acquire data by theft or in other illegal manners.
第三十二条 任何组织、个人收集数据，应当采取合法、正当的方式，不得窃取或者以其他非法方式获取数据。
Where laws or administrative regulations have provisions on the purposes or scopes of data collection and use, data shall be collected and used for the purposes and within the scopes provided for by those laws and administrative regulations.
法律、行政法规对收集、使用数据的目的、范围有规定的，应当在法律、行政法规规定的目的和范围内收集、使用数据。
Article 33 When providing services, data transaction intermediaries shall require data providers to specify the sources of the data, verify the identities of both parties to the transactions, and retain the verification and transaction records.
第三十三条 从事数据交易中介服务的机构提供服务，应当要求数据提供方说明数据来源，审核交易双方的身份，并留存审核、交易记录。
Article 34 Where laws or administrative regulations require that administrative permissions be acquired for providing services related to data processing, service providers shall obtain such administrative permissions in accordance with these provisions.
第三十四条 法律、行政法规规定提供数据处理相关服务应当取得行政许可的，服务提供者应当依法取得许可。
Article 35 Where a public security organ or national security organ needs to obtain data for the sake of national security or for investigating crimes in accordance with the law, strict approval formalities shall be completed in accordance with the relevant provisions of the state and data be obtained in accordance with the law, and the relevant organizations and individuals shall cooperate.
第三十五条 公安机关、国家安全机关因依法维护国家安全或者侦查犯罪的需要调取数据，应当按照国家有关规定，经过严格的批准手续，依法进行，有关组织、个人应当予以配合。
Article 36 The competent authorities of the People’s Republic of China shall handle requests for data made by foreign judicial or law enforcement authorities, in accordance with the relevant laws and international treaties or agreements concluded or acceded to by the People’s Republic of China, or in accordance with the principles of equality and reciprocity. Without the approval of the competent authorities of the People’s Republic of China, organizations or individuals in the People’s Republic of China shall not provide data stored within the territory of the People’s Republic of China to any overseas judicial or law enforcement body.
第三十六条 中华人民共和国主管机关根据有关法律和中华人民共和国缔结或者参加的国际条约、协定，或者按照平等互惠原则，处理外国司法或者执法机构关于提供数据的请求。非经中华人民共和国主管机关批准，境内的组织、个人不得向外国司法或者执法机构提供存储于中华人民共和国境内的数据。
Chapter V Security and Openness of Government Data
第五章 政务数据安全与开放
Article 37 The state shall make great efforts to promote the development of e-government, make government database more scientific, accurate, and time-efficient, and improve the ability of using data to serve economic and social development.
第三十七条 国家大力推进电子政务建设，提高政务数据的科学性、准确性、时效性，提升运用数据服务经济社会发展的能力。
Article 38 Where state organs need to collect or use data to perform their statutory duties, they shall collect or use data within the scope as needed for performance of their statutory duties and under the conditions and procedures provided by laws and administrative regulations. They shall, in accordance with the law, preserve the confidentiality of the data accessed in the course of performing their duties, such as personal privacy, personal information, trade secrets, and confidential business information, and shall not divulge such data or illegally provide them to others.
第三十八条 国家机关为履行法定职责的需要收集、使用数据，应当在其履行法定职责的范围内依照法律、行政法规规定的条件和程序进行；对在履行职责中知悉的个人隐私、个人信息、商业秘密、保密商务信息等数据应当依法予以保密，不得泄露或者非法向他人提供。
Article 39 State organs shall, in accordance with the provisions of laws and administrative regulations, establish sound data security management systems, fulfill data security protection responsibilities, and ensure the security of government data.
第三十九条 国家机关应当依照法律、行政法规的规定，建立健全数据安全管理制度，落实数据安全保护责任，保障政务数据安全。
Article 40 Where a state organ entrusts others to construct or maintain e-government systems, or to store or process government data, the state organ shall go through strict approval procedures, and shall supervise the entrusted party in the performance of data security protection obligations. The entrusted party shall perform its data security protection obligations in accordance with the provisions of laws, regulations, and contracts signed, and shall not retain, use, divulge, or provide others with government data without authorization.
第四十条 国家机关委托他人建设、维护电子政务系统，存储、加工政务数据，应当经过严格的批准程序，并应当监督受托方履行相应的数据安全保护义务。受托方应当依照法律、法规的规定和合同约定履行数据安全保护义务，不得擅自留存、使用、泄露或者向他人提供政务数据。
Article 41 State organs shall, under the principles of fairness, equality and convenience for the people, disclose government data in a timely and accurate manner in accordance with the provisions, except those which shall not be disclosed in accordance with the law.
第四十一条 国家机关应当遵循公正、公平、便民的原则，按照规定及时、准确地公开政务数据。依法不予公开的除外。
Article 42 The state shall formulate the catalog of open government data, build an open, uniform, standardized, interconnected, safe and controllable government data platform, and promote the release and utilization of government data.
第四十二条 国家制定政务数据开放目录，构建统一规范、互联互通、安全可控的政务数据开放平台，推动政务数据开放利用。
Article 43 The provisions of this Chapter shall apply to the data processing carried out by the organizations with the functions of administering public affairs as authorized by laws and regulations for the purpose of performing their statutory duties.
第四十三条 法律、法规授权的具有管理公共事务职能的组织为履行法定职责开展数据处理活动，适用本章规定。
Chapter VI Legal Liability
第六章 法律责任
Article 44 Where competent departments discover the existence of major security risks in data processing when they perform their regulatory duties as regards data security, they may, in accordance with the prescribed limits of authority and procedures, conduct regulatory talks with the relevant organizations and
第四十四条 有关主管部门在履行数据安全监管职责中，发现数据处理活动存在较大安全风险的，可以按照规定的权限和程序对有关组织、个人进行约谈，并要求有关组织、个人采取措施进行整改，消除隐患。
Article 45 Where an organization or individual that processes data fails to perform the data security protection obligations provided in Articles 27, 29 and 30 of this Law, the organization or individual shall be ordered to make rectifications and be given a warning, and may be concurrently fined not less than RMB 50,000 yuan but not more than RMB 500,000 yuan by the competent department, and the directly liable persons in charge and other directly liable persons may be fined not less than RMB 10,000 yuan but not more than RMB100,000 yuan. Where the organization or individual refuses to make rectifications or has caused serious consequences such as a massive data breach, the organization or individual shall be fined not less than RMB 500,000 yuan but not more than RMB 2 million yuan, and may be ordered to suspend the relevant business or suspend operations for rectification, or have relevant business permits or the business license revoked, and the directly liable persons in chargeand other directly liable persons shall be fined not less than RMB 50,000 yuan but not more than RMB 200,000 yuan.
第四十五条 开展数据处理活动的组织、个人不履行本法第二十七条、第二十九条、第三十条规定的数据安全保护义务的，由有关主管部门责令改正，给予警告，可以并处五万元以上五十万元以下罚款，对直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员可以处一万元以上十万元以下罚款；拒不改正或者造成大量数据泄露等严重后果的，处五十万元以上二百万元以下罚款，并可以责令暂停相关业务、停业整顿、吊销相关业务许可证或者吊销营业执照，对直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员处五万元以上二十万元以下罚款。
Where the organization or individual violates the national core data management rules and endangers national sovereignty, security, or development interests of the state, the competent department shall impose upon the organization or individual a fine of not less than RMB 2 million yuan but not more than RMB 10 million yuan, and may, based on the circumstances, order a suspension of relevant business or a suspension of operations for rectification, or revoke relevant business permits or the business license. Where a crime is constituted, criminal responsibilities shall be investigated in accordance with the law.
违反国家核心数据管理制度，危害国家主权、安全和发展利益的，由有关主管部门处二百万元以上一千万元以下罚款，并根据情况责令暂停相关业务、停业整顿、吊销相关业务许可证或者吊销营业执照；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。
Article 46 Whoever, in violation of the provisions of Article 31 of this Law, provides important data abroad, shall be ordered to make rectifications and be given a warning by the competent department, and may be concurrently fined not less than RMB 100,000 yuan but not more than RMB 1 million yuan, and the directly liable persons in charge and other directly liable persons may be fined not less than RMB 10,000 yuan but not more than RMB 100,000 yuan. Where the circumstances are serious, the violator shall be fined not less than RMB 1 million but not more than RMB 10 million yuan, and may also be ordered to suspend the relevant business or suspend operations for rectification, or have relevant business permits or the business license revoked, and the directly liable persons in charge and other directly liable persons shall be fined not less than RMB 100,000 yuan but not more than RMB 1 million yuan.
第四十六条 违反本法第三十一条规定，向境外提供重要数据的，由有关主管部门责令改正，给予警告，可以并处十万元以上一百万元以下罚款，对直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员可以处一万元以上十万元以下罚款；情节严重的，处一百万元以上一千万元以下罚款，并可以责令暂停相关业务、停业整顿、吊销相关业务许可证或者吊销营业执照，对直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员处十万元以上一百万元以下罚款。
Article 47 Where a data transaction intermediary fails to perform the obligations prescribed in Article 33 of this Law, it shall be ordered by the competent department to make rectifications, its illegal gains, if any, shall be confiscated, and it shall also be fined not less than the amount of but not more than ten times the amount of the illegal gains; if there are no illegal gains or the illegal gains are less than RMB 100,000 yuan, it shall be fined not less than RMB 100,000 yuan but not more than RMB 1 million yuan. It may be concurrently ordered to suspend the relevant business or suspend operations for rectification, or have relevant business permits or the business license revoked. The directly liable persons in charge and other directly liable persons shall be fined not less than RMB 10,000 yuan but not more than RMB 100,000 yuan.
第四十七条 从事数据交易中介服务的机构未履行本法第三十三条规定的义务的，由有关主管部门责令改正，没收违法所得，处违法所得一倍以上十倍以下罚款，没有违法所得或者违法所得不足十万元的，处十万元以上一百万元以下罚款，并可以责令暂停相关业务、停业整顿、吊销相关业务许可证或者吊销营业执照；对直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员处一万元以上十万元以下罚款。
Article 48 Whoever in violation of Article 35 of this Law, refuses to cooperate when a public organ or national security organ needs to access the data, shall be ordered by the competent department to make rectifications and be given a warning, and shall be concurrently fined not less than RMB 50,000 yuan but nor more than RMB 500,000 yuan, and the directly liable persons in chargeand other directly liable persons may be fined not less than RMB 10,000 yuan but not more than RMB 100,000 yuan.
第四十八条 违反本法第三十五条规定，拒不配合数据调取的，由有关主管部门责令改正，给予警告，并处五万元以上五十万元以下罚款，对直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员处一万元以上十万元以下罚款。
Whoever, in violation of Article 36 of this Law, provides data to an overseas judicial or law enforcement body without the approval of the competent authorities, shall be given a warning by the competent department, and may be concurrently fined not less than RMB 100,000 yuan but not more than RMB 1 million yuan, and the directly liable persons in charge and other directly liable persons may be fined not less than RMB 10,000 yuan but not more than RMB 100,000 yuan. If serious consequences are caused, the violator shall be fined not less than RMB 1 million yuan but not more than RMB 5 million yuan, and may be ordered to suspend the relevant business or suspend operations for rectification, or have relevant business permits or the business license revoked. The directly liable persons in charge and other directly liable persons shall be fined not less than RMB 50,000 yuan but not more than RMB 500,000 yuan.
违反本法第三十六条规定，未经主管机关批准向外国司法或者执法机构提供数据的，由有关主管部门给予警告，可以并处十万元以上一百万元以下罚款，对直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员可以处一万元以上十万元以下罚款；造成严重后果的，处一百万元以上五百万元以下罚款，并可以责令暂停相关业务、停业整顿、吊销相关业务许可证或者吊销营业执照，对直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员处五万元以上五十万元以下罚款。
Article 49 Where a state organ fails to perform data security obligations as provided for in this Law, the directly liable persons in charge and other directly liable persons shall be given a sanction in accordance with the law.
第四十九条 国家机关不履行本法规定的数据安全保护义务的，对直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员依法给予处分。
Article 50 Any state functionary performing data security related regulation regulation neglects his duty, abuses power, or engages in malpractice for personal gain, shall be given a sanction in accordance with the law.
第五十条 履行数据安全监管职责的国家工作人员玩忽职守、滥用职权、徇私舞弊的，依法给予处分。
Article 51 Whoever obtains data through theft or by any other illegal means, or eliminates or restricts competition in data processing, or harms the lawful rights and interests of individuals or organizations, shall be punished in accordance with the provisions of relevant laws and administrative regulations.
第五十一条 窃取或者以其他非法方式获取数据，开展数据处理活动排除、限制竞争，或者损害个人、组织合法权益的，依照有关法律、行政法规的规定处罚。
Article 52 Whoever, in violation of this Law, causes damages to others shall bear civil liability in accordance with the law.
第五十二条 违反本法规定，给他人造成损害的，依法承担民事责任。
Where a violation of the provisions of this Law constitutes a violation of public security administration, a public security administrative penalty shall be given in accordance with the law. Where a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be investigated in accordance with the law.
违反本法规定，构成违反治安管理行为的，依法给予治安管理处罚；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。
Chapter VII Supplementary Provisions
第七章 附 则
Article 53 The provisions of the Law of the People’s Republic of China on Guarding State Secrets and other relevant laws and administrative regulations shall apply to data processing that involves state secrets.
第五十三条 开展涉及国家秘密的数据处理活动，适用《中华人民共和国保守国家秘密法》等法律、行政法规的规定。
The provisions of relevant laws and administrative regulations shall also be observed when data are processed in statistical or archival work and in data processing involving personal information.
在统计、档案工作中开展数据处理活动，开展涉及个人信息的数据处理活动，还应当遵守有关法律、行政法规的规定。
Article 54 Measures for the military data security and protection shall be separately formulated by the Central Military Commission in accordance with this Law.
第五十四条 军事数据安全保护的办法，由中央军事委员会依据本法另行制定。
Article 55 This Law shall come into force as of September 1, 2021.
第五十五条 本法自2021年9月1日起施行。