Law of China on National Defense
国防法
Chapter I General Provisions
第一章 总则
Article 1 This Law is enacted in accordance with the Constitution for the purposes of building and consolidating national defense, guaranteeing the smooth progress of reform and opening up and socialist modernization, and realizing the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.
第一条 为了建设和巩固国防，保障改革开放和社会主义现代化建设的顺利进行，实现中华民族伟大复兴，根据宪法，制定本法。
Article 2 This Law shall apply to State military activities to guard against and resist aggression, thwart armed subversion and separation, defend the State’s sovereignty, unity, territorial integrity, security, and development interests, as well as the State’s military-related activities in politics, economics, diplomacy, science, technology, and education.
第二条 国家为防备和抵抗侵略，制止武装颠覆和分裂，保卫国家主权、统一、领土完整、安全和发展利益所进行的军事活动，以及与军事有关的政治、经济、外交、科技、教育等方面的活动，适用本法。
Article 3 National defense protects national survival and development.
第三条 国防是国家生存与发展的安全保障。
The State shall reinforce its armed forces, border defense, maritime defense, air defense, and defense of other critical security domains, develop national defense research and production, enhance public national defense education, improve national defense mobilization, and achieve national defense modernization.
国家加强武装力量建设，加强边防、海防、空防和其他重大安全领域防卫建设，发展国防科研生产，普及全民国防教育，完善国防动员体系，实现国防现代化。
Article 4 National defense activities shall adhere to the guidance of Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory, the Theory of Three Represents, the Scientific Outlook on Development, and Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, implement Xi Jinping’s thinking on strengthening the military, pursue a holistic approach to national security, uphold the military strategy guideline for a new era, and build a fortified national defense and strong armed forces commensurate with China’s international standing and its national security and development interests.
第四条国防活动坚持以马克思列宁主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论、“三个代表”重要思想、科学发展观、习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导，贯彻习近平强军思想，坚持总体国家安全观，贯彻新时代军事战略方针，建设与我国国际地位相称、与国家安全和发展利益相适应的巩固国防和强大武装力量。
Article 5 The State shall exercise unified leadership over national defense activities.
第五条 国家对国防活动实行统一的领导。
Article 6 The People’s Republic of China shall pursue a defensive national defense policy, build and consolidate its national defense independently and self-reliantly, practice active defense, and place national defense responsibility upon every Chinese.
第六条 中华人民共和国奉行防御性国防政策，独立自主、自力更生地建设和巩固国防，实行积极防御，坚持全民国防。
The State shall pursue a coordinated, balanced, and compatible development of the economy and national defense, conduct national defense activities in accordance with the law, speed up national defense and military modernization, and achieve the unity of a prosperous country and a strong military.
国家坚持经济建设和国防建设协调、平衡、兼容发展，依法开展国防活动，加快国防和军队现代化，实现富国和强军相统一。
Article 7 It is the sacred duty of every citizen of the People’s Republic of China to defend the country and resist aggression.
第七条保卫祖国、抵抗侵略是中华人民共和国每一个公民的神圣职责。
Citizens of the People’s Republic of China shall fulfill their national defense obligations in accordance with the law.
中华人民共和国公民应当依法履行国防义务。
All State bodies, armed forces, political parties, people’s organizations, enterprises, public institutions, social organizations, and other organizations shall support and participate in accordance with the law in national defense development, and fulfill their national defense duties and tasks.
一切国家机关和武装力量、各政党和各人民团体、企业事业组织、社会组织和其他组织，都应当支持和依法参与国防建设，履行国防职责，完成国防任务。
Article 8 The State and society shall respect and provide preferential treatment to servicepersons, guarantee their social status and protect their lawful rights and interests, carry out various activities to support the military and provide preferential treatment to the families of servicepersons and martyrs, and make military service a socially respected profession.
第八条国家和社会尊重、优待军人，保障军人的地位和合法权益，开展各种形式的拥军优属活动，让军人成为全社会尊崇的职业。
The Chinese People’s Liberation Army and the Chinese People’s Armed Police Force shall carry out pro-government and pro-people activities, and strengthen their unity with the government and the people.
中国人民解放军和中国人民武装警察部队开展拥政爱民活动，巩固军政军民团结。
Article 9 The People’s Republic of China shall actively promote international military exchanges and cooperation, maintain world peace, and oppose acts of aggression and expansion.
第九条 中华人民共和国积极推进国际军事交流与合作，维护世界和平，反对侵略扩张行为。
Article 10 Organizations and individuals shall be commended and rewarded for their contributions to national defense in accordance with the relevant laws and regulations.
第十条 对在国防活动中作出贡献的组织和个人，依照有关法律、法规的规定给予表彰和奖励。
Article 11 Any organization or individual who, in violation of this Law or other relevant laws, refuses to fulfill their national defense obligations or jeopardizes national defense interests shall be held legally responsible.
第十一条任何组织和个人违反本法和有关法律，拒绝履行国防义务或者危害国防利益的，依法追究法律责任。
Any public official who abuses his power, neglects his duty, or engages in malpractices for personal gain in national defense activities shall be held legally responsible.
公职人员在国防活动中，滥用职权、玩忽职守、徇私舞弊的，依法追究法律责任。
Chapter II National Defense Functions and Powers of State Bodies
第二章国家机构的国防职权
Article 12 The National People’s Congress shall, pursuant to the Constitution, decide on issues of war and peace and exercise other constitutional national defense functions and powers.
第十二条 全国人民代表大会依照宪法规定，决定战争和和平的问题，并行使宪法规定的国防方面的其他职权。
The Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress shall, pursuant to the Constitution, decide on the declaration of a state of war, decide on general national mobilization or partial mobilization, and exercise other constitutional national defense functions and powers.
全国人民代表大会常务委员会依照宪法规定，决定战争状态的宣布，决定全国总动员或者局部动员，并行使宪法规定的国防方面的其他职权。
Article 13 The President of the People’s Republic of China shall, in pursuance of the decisions of the National People’s Congress and its Standing Committee, declare a state of war, issue mobilization orders, and exercise other constitutional national defense functions and powers.
第十三条中华人民共和国主席根据全国人民代表大会的决定和全国人民代表大会常务委员会的决定，宣布战争状态，发布动员令，并行使宪法规定的国防方面的其他职权。
Article 14 The State Council shall lead and administer national defense development and exercise the following functions and powers:
第十四条国务院领导和管理国防建设事业，行使下列职权：
(1) Making programs and plans for national defense development;
（一）编制国防建设的有关发展规划和计划；
(2) Developing policies and administrative regulations on national defense development;
（二）制定国防建设方面的有关政策和行政法规；
(3) Leading and administering national defense research and production;
（三）领导和管理国防科研生产；
(4) Administering national defense spending and assets;
（四）管理国防经费和国防资产；
(5) Leading and administering economic mobilization and the development, organization, and implementation of civil air defense, national defense transportation, and other matters;
（五）领导和管理国民经济动员工作和人民防空、国防交通等方面的建设和组织实施工作；
(6) Leading and administering the work of supporting the military, providing preferential treatment to the families of servicepersons and martyrs, and ensuring veterans benefits and services;
（六）领导和管理拥军优属工作和退役军人保障工作；
(7) Leading, jointly with the Central Military Commission, the development of militias, conscription work, and the administration of border defense, maritime defense, air defense, and defense of other critical security domains; and
（七）与中央军事委员会共同领导民兵的建设，征兵工作，边防、海防、空防和其他重大安全领域防卫的管理工作；
(8) Performing other national defense development functions and powers as provided in accordance with the law.
（八）法律规定的与国防建设事业有关的其他职权。
Article 15 The Central Military Commission shall lead the national armed forces and exercise the following functions and powers:
第十五条 中央军事委员会领导全国武装力量，行使下列职权：
(1) Exercising unified command of all the national armed forces;
（一）统一指挥全国武装力量；
(2) Deciding on military strategies and operational guidelines for the armed forces;
（二）决定军事战略和武装力量的作战方针；
(3) Leading and administering the development of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army and the Chinese People’s Armed Police Force, and formulating and organizing the implementation of programs and plans;
（三）领导和管理中国人民解放军、中国人民武装警察部队的建设，制定规划、计划并组织实施；
(4) Proposing motions to the National People’s Congress or its Standing Committee;
（四）向全国人民代表大会或者全国人民代表大会常务委员会提出议案；
(5) Enacting military regulations and issuing decisions and orders in accordance with the Constitution and other laws;
（五）根据宪法和法律，制定军事法规，发布决定和命令；
(6) Deciding on the structure and size of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army and the Chinese People’s Armed Police Force, and prescribing the tasks and duties of the Central Military Commission functional bodies, theater commands, services and arms of the armed forces, the Chinese People’s Armed Police Force, and other military entities;
（六）决定中国人民解放军、中国人民武装警察部队的体制和编制，规定中央军事委员会机关部门、战区、军兵种和中国人民武装警察部队等单位的任务和职责；
(7) Appointing, removing, training, appraising, commending, and disciplining members of the armed forces in accordance with relevant laws and military regulations;
（七）依照法律、军事法规的规定，任免、培训、考核和奖惩武装力量成员；
(8) Determining weaponry and equipment systems for the armed forces, formulating programs and plans for weaponry and equipment development, and collaborating with the State Council to lead and administer national defense research and production;
（八）决定武装力量的武器装备体制，制定武器装备发展规划、计划，协同国务院领导和管理国防科研生产；
(9) Administering national defense spending and assets jointly with the State Council;
（九）会同国务院管理国防经费和国防资产；
(10) Leading and administering the mobilization of the people’s armed forces and the work of reserve forces;
（十）领导和管理人民武装动员、预备役工作；
(11) Organizing international military exchanges and cooperation; and
（十一）组织开展国际军事交流与合作；
(12) Performing other functions and powers prescribed in accordance with the law.
（十二）法律规定的其他职权。
Article 16 The Central Military Commission adopts the CMC Chairman responsibility system.
第十六条 中央军事委员会实行主席负责制。
Article 17 The State Council and the Central Military Commission shall establish a mechanism for coordinating the resolution of major national defense issues.
第十七条 国务院和中央军事委员会建立协调机制，解决国防事务的重大问题。
Relevant departments of central government bodies and the Central Military Commission bodies may hold meetings as appropriate to coordinate the resolution of related national defense issues.
中央国家机关与中央军事委员会机关有关部门可以根据情况召开会议，协调解决有关国防事务的问题。
Article 18 Local people’s congresses at all levels and the standing committees of local people’s congresses at or above the county level shall, within their respective administrative regions, ensure compliance with and enforcement of national defense laws and regulations.
第十八条 地方各级人民代表大会和县级以上地方各级人民代表大会常务委员会在本行政区域内，保证有关国防事务的法律、法规的遵守和执行。
Local people’s governments at all levels shall, within the authority provided in accordance with the law, administer the conscription, militia, economic mobilization, civil air defense, national defense transportation, national defense facilities protection, support for veterans, support for the military, and preferential treatment to the families of servicepersons and martyrs within their respective administrative regions.
地方各级人民政府依照法律规定的权限，管理本行政区域内的征兵、民兵、国民经济动员、人民防空、国防交通、国防设施保护，以及退役军人保障和拥军优属等工作。
Article 19 Local people’s governments at all levels and local military bodies stationed may, when necessary, convene joint military-civilian meetings to coordinate the resolution of national defense issues within their respective administrative regions.
第十九条 地方各级人民政府和驻地军事机关根据需要召开军地联席会议，协调解决本行政区域内有关国防事务的问题。
Joint military-civilian meetings shall be jointly convened by leaders of local people’s governments and local military bodies. Participants of these meetings shall be determined by their conveners.
军地联席会议由地方人民政府的负责人和驻地军事机关的负责人共同召集。军地联席会议的参加人员由会议召集人确定。
Decisions adopted at joint military-civilian meetings shall be executed by local people’s governments and local military bodies based on their respective functions and duties and tasks. Decisions on major issues shall be reported to their respective authorities at higher levels.
军地联席会议议定的事项，由地方人民政府和驻地军事机关根据各自职责和任务分工办理，重大事项应当分别向上级报告。
Chapter III Armed Forces
第三章 武装力量
Article 20 The armed forces of the People’s Republic of China belong to the people. Their tasks are to fortify national defense, resist aggression, defend the country, safeguard the people’s peaceful labor, participate in national development, and serve the people wholeheartedly.
第二十条 中华人民共和国的武装力量属于人民。它的任务是巩固国防，抵抗侵略，保卫祖国，保卫人民的和平劳动，参加国家建设事业，全心全意为人民服务。
Article 21 The armed forces of the People’s Republic of China shall be led by the Communist Party of China. The organizations of the Communist Party of China within the armed forces shall operate in accordance with the Constitution of the Communist Party of China.
第二十一条 中华人民共和国的武装力量受中国共产党领导。武装力量中的中国共产党组织依照中国共产党章程进行活动。
Article 22 The armed forces of the People’s Republic of China consist of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army, the Chinese People’s Armed Police Force, and the militia.
第二十二条 中华人民共和国的武装力量，由中国人民解放军、中国人民武装警察部队、民兵组成。
The Chinese People’s Liberation Army consists of active-duty forces and reserve forces, and its missions in the new era are to provide strategic support for strengthening the leadership of the Communist Party of China and the socialist system, for safeguarding China’s sovereignty, unity, and territorial integrity, for protecting its overseas interests, and for promoting world peace and development. As the standing forces of the State, active-duty forces shall be mainly tasked with defense operations and perform non-war military operations in accordance with regulations. Reserve forces shall conduct military training and perform defense combat tasks and non-war military operations in accordance with regulations; and be transferred to active-duty forces by order of the Central Military Commission in accordance with the mobilization order issued by the State.
中国人民解放军由现役部队和预备役部队组成，在新时代的使命任务是为巩固中国共产党领导和社会主义制度，为捍卫国家主权、统一、领土完整，为维护国家海外利益，为促进世界和平与发展，提供战略支撑。现役部队是国家的常备军，主要担负防卫作战任务，按照规定执行非战争军事行动任务。预备役部队按照规定进行军事训练、执行防卫作战任务和非战争军事行动任务；根据国家发布的动员令，由中央军事委员会下达命令转为现役部队。
The Chinese People’s Armed Police Force shall execute guard duties, respond to social security emergencies, prevent and respond to terrorist activities, enforce maritime rights, conduct disaster relief, emergency rescue, and defensive operations, and carry out other tasks assigned by the Central Military Commission.
中国人民武装警察部队担负执勤、处置突发社会安全事件、防范和处置恐怖活动、海上维权执法、抢险救援和防卫作战以及中央军事委员会赋予的其他任务。
The militia shall perform combat readiness service and carry out non-war military operations and defensive operations under the command of the military authorities.
民兵在军事机关的指挥下，担负战备勤务、执行非战争军事行动任务和防卫作战任务。
Article 23 The armed forces of the People’s Republic of China must observe the Constitution and other laws.
第二十三条 中华人民共和国的武装力量必须遵守宪法和法律。
Article 24 The armed forces of the People’s Republic of China shall follow the military development path with Chinese characteristics; persist in enhancing their political loyalty, strengthening themselves through reform, science, technology, and talent, and pursuing law-based governance; strengthen military training; conduct political work; improve the level of support, advance the modernization of military theories, military organizational structures, military personnel, weaponry and equipment; build a modern combat system with Chinese characteristics, enhance combat effectiveness in all respects, and strive to achieve the goal of forging a strong military in the new era as envisioned by the Communist Party of China.
第二十四条 中华人民共和国武装力量建设坚持走中国特色强军之路，坚持政治建军、改革强军、科技强军、人才强军、依法治军，加强军事训练，开展政治工作，提高保障水平，全面推进军事理论、军队组织形态、军事人员和武器装备现代化，构建中国特色现代作战体系，全面提高战斗力，努力实现党在新时代的强军目标。
Article 25 The size of the armed forces of the People’s Republic of China shall be commensurate with the need to defend national sovereignty, security, and development interests.
第二十五条 中华人民共和国武装力量的规模应当与保卫国家主权、安全、发展利益的需要相适应。
Article 26 The military service of the People’s Republic of China consists of active service and reserve service. The service system of active military and reserve personnel shall be prescribed in accordance with the law.
第二十六条 中华人民共和国的兵役分为现役和预备役。军人和预备役人员的服役制度由法律规定。
The Chinese People’s Liberation Army and the Chinese People’s Armed Police Force shall implement the rank&grade system in accordance with the law.
中国人民解放军、中国人民武装警察部队依照法律规定实行衔级制度。
Article 27 The Chinese People’s Liberation Army and the Chinese People’s Armed Police Force shall implement the civilian personnel system for prescribed positions.
第二十七条 中国人民解放军、中国人民武装警察部队在规定岗位实行文职人员制度。
Article 28 The flag and emblem of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army are its symbol and sign. The flag and emblem of the Chinese People’s Armed Police Force are its symbol and sign.
第二十八条 中国人民解放军军旗、军徽是中国人民解放军的象征和标志。中国人民武装警察部队旗、徽是中国人民武装警察部队的象征和标志。
Citizens and organizations shall respect the flag and the emblem of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army and the flag and the emblem of the Chinese People’s Armed Police Force.
公民和组织应当尊重中国人民解放军军旗、军徽和中国人民武装警察部队旗、徽。
The design, pattern, use, and management of the flags and emblems of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army and the Chinese People’s Armed Police Force shall be prescribed by the Central Military Commission.
中国人民解放军军旗、军徽和中国人民武装警察部队旗、徽的图案、样式以及使用管理办法由中央军事委员会规定。
Article 29 The State prohibits any organization or individual from illegally establishing any armed organization, prohibits illegal armed activities, and prohibits impersonation of servicepersons or organizations of the armed forces.
第二十九条 国家禁止任何组织或者个人非法建立武装组织，禁止非法武装活动，禁止冒充军人或者武装力量组织。
Chapter IV Border Defense, Maritime Defense, Air Defense, and Defense of Other Critical Security Domains
第四章 边防、海防、空防和其他重大安全领域防卫
Article 30 The territorial land, territorial waters and territorial airspace of the People’s Republic of China are sacrosanct. The State shall build a strong and solid modern border defense, maritime defense, and air defense, and take effective defense and management measures to defend the security of the territorial land, territorial waters, and territorial airspace, and protect national maritime rights and interests.
第三十条 中华人民共和国的领陆、领水、领空神圣不可侵犯。国家建设强大稳固的现代边防、海防和空防，采取有效的防卫和管理措施，保卫领陆、领水、领空的安全，维护国家海洋权益。
The State shall take necessary measures to protect its activities, assets, and other interests in other critical security domains such as outer space, electromagnetic space, and cyberspace.
国家采取必要的措施，维护在太空、电磁、网络空间等其他重大安全领域的活动、资产和其他利益的安全。
Article 31 The Central Military Commission shall exercise unified leadership over border defense, maritime defense, air defense, and defense of other critical security domains.
第三十一条 中央军事委员会统一领导边防、海防、空防和其他重大安全领域的防卫工作。
Central government bodies, local people’s governments at all levels, and relevant military bodies shall, in accordance with their respective prescribed functions and powers, administer and execute border defense, maritime defense, air defense, and defense of other critical security domains, in a joint effort to safeguard national security and interests.
中央国家机关、地方各级人民政府和有关军事机关，按照规定的职权范围，分工负责边防、海防、空防和其他重大安全领域的管理和防卫工作，共同维护国家的安全和利益。
Article 32 The State shall, in light of the needs of border defense, maritime defense, air defense, and defense of other critical security domains, strengthen defense forces and build national defense facilities for operations, command, communications, telemetry, tracking and command (TT&C), navigation, protection, transportation, and logistics. People’s governments at all levels and military bodies shall support the construction of national defense facilities and ensure their security in accordance with the laws and regulations.
第三十二条 国家根据边防、海防、空防和其他重大安全领域防卫的需要，加强防卫力量建设，建设作战、指挥、通信、测控、导航、防护、交通、保障等国防设施。各级人民政府和军事机关应当依照法律、法规的规定，保障国防设施的建设，保护国防设施的安全。
Chapter V National Defense Research and Production and Military Procurement
第五章 国防科研生产和军事采购
Article 33The State shall establish and improve the scientific, technological, and industrial system for national defense, develop national defense research and production, and provide the armed forces with weaponry and equipment that are advanced in performance, reliable in quality, complete in sets of accessories, and easy to operate and maintain, as well as other applicable military materiel to meet national defense needs.
第三十三条 国家建立和完善国防科技工业体系，发展国防科研生产，为武装力量提供性能先进、质量可靠、配套完善、便于操作和维修的武器装备以及其他适用的军用物资，满足国防需要。
Article 34 The science, technology, and industry for national defense shall follow the principles of civil-military integration, peacetime-wartime integration, priority to military products, and innovation-driven, independent, and controllable development.
第三十四条 国防科技工业实行军民结合、平战结合、军品优先、创新驱动、自主可控的方针。
The State shall formulate master plans to develop science, technology, and industry for national defense, and keep national defense research and production capabilities appropriately scaled and rationally distributed in accordance with the principles of State-led development, division of labor and cooperation, matching of specialties, openness, and integration.
国家统筹规划国防科技工业建设，坚持国家主导、分工协作、专业配套、开放融合，保持规模适度、布局合理的国防科研生产能力。
Article 35 The State shall maximize the advantageous resources of the whole of society to promote the development of national defense science and technology, speed up independent technological research and development, spearhead weaponry and equipment development with high technology, strengthen technology reserves, improve the system of national defense intellectual property, promote the application of scientific and technological achievements in national defense, promote science and technology resource sharing and collaborative innovation, and improve national defense research capabilities and the technological level of weaponry and equipment.
第三十五条 国家充分利用全社会优势资源，促进国防科学技术进步，加快技术自主研发，发挥高新技术在武器装备发展中的先导作用，增加技术储备，完善国防知识产权制度，促进国防科技成果转化，推进科技资源共享和协同创新，提高国防科研能力和武器装备技术水平。
Article 36 The State shall create a favorable environment and conditions to strengthen the cultivation of national defense scientists and engineers, encourage and attract outstanding talents to the field of defense research and production, and stimulate their vitality of innovation.
第三十六条 国家创造有利的环境和条件，加强国防科学技术人才培养，鼓励和吸引优秀人才进入国防科研生产领域，激发人才创新活力。
National defense scientists and engineers shall be respected by the general public. The State shall progressively increase their pay, and protect their lawful rights and interests.
国防科学技术工作者应当受到全社会的尊重。国家逐步提高国防科学技术工作者的待遇，保护其合法权益。
Article 37The State shall institute a military procurement system in accordance with the law to ensure the procurement and supply of weaponry and equipment, materiel, works, and services required by the armed forces.
第三十七条 国家依法实行军事采购制度，保障武装力量所需武器装备和物资、工程、服务的采购供应。
Article 38 The State shall exercise unified leadership and planned control over national defense research and production, stress the role of the market, and promote fair competition in national defense research and production and military procurement.
第三十八条 国家对国防科研生产实行统一领导和计划调控；注重发挥市场机制作用，推进国防科研生产和军事采购活动公平竞争。
The State shall provide necessary guarantees and preferential policies in accordance with the law to the organizations and individuals undertaking national defense research and production tasks and taking procurement orders. Local people’s governments at all levels shall assist and support these organizations and individuals in accordance with the law.
国家为承担国防科研生产任务和接受军事采购的组织和个人依法提供必要的保障条件和优惠政策。地方各级人民政府应当依法对承担国防科研生产任务和接受军事采购的组织和个人给予协助和支持。
Organizations and individuals undertaking national defense research and production tasks and taking military procurement orders must keep defense secrets, complete their tasks in a timely and efficient manner, ensure quality, and provide appropriate services.
承担国防科研生产任务和接受军事采购的组织和个人应当保守秘密，及时高效完成任务，保证质量，提供相应的服务保障。
The State shall adopt a quality accountability system in accordance with the law for the weaponry, equipment, materiel, works, and services supplied to the armed forces.
国家对供应武装力量的武器装备和物资、工程、服务，依法实行质量责任追究制度。
Chapter VI National Defense Spending and Assets
第六章 国防经费和国防资产
Article 39 The State shall guarantee necessary national defense spending. The increase of national defense spending shall be commensurate with the needs of national defense and the level of economic development.
第三十九条 国家保障国防事业的必要经费。国防经费的增长应当与国防需求和国民经济发展水平相适应。
National defense spending shall be subject to budget management in accordance with the law.
国防经费依法实行预算管理。
Article 40 National defense assets include the funds directly allocated and resources such as land allocated by the State for strengthening the armed forces, for defense research and production, and for other national defense projects, as well as the weapons, equipment, facilities, supplies, materiel, and technologies that are derived therefrom and used for national defense.
第四十条 国家为武装力量建设、国防科研生产和其他国防建设直接投入的资金、划拨使用的土地等资源，以及由此形成的用于国防目的的武器装备和设备设施、物资器材、技术成果等属于国防资产。
National defense assets are owned by the State.
国防资产属于国家所有。
Article 41 The State shall determine the size, structure, and distribution of national defense assets and adjust and dispose of them in accordance with the needs of national defense and economic development.
第四十一条 国家根据国防建设和经济建设的需要，确定国防资产的规模、结构和布局，调整和处分国防资产。
The administrative institutions in charge of and the entities possessing and using national defense assets shall manage them in accordance with the law to maximize their efficiency.
国防资产的管理机构和占有、使用单位，应当依法管理国防资产，充分发挥国防资产的效能。
Article 42 The State shall protect national defense assets from infringement and ensure their security, integrity, and effectiveness.
第四十二条 国家保护国防资产不受侵害，保障国防资产的安全、完整和有效。
All organizations and individuals are forbidden to destroy, damage, or appropriate national defense assets. Without the approval of the State Council or the Central Military Commission, or of the institutions authorized by the State Council or the Central Military Commission, entities possessing or using national defense assets shall not utilize them for purposes other than national defense. Technologies among national defense assets may be used for purposes other than national defense in accordance with relevant State regulations, provided that priority is given to national defense and security is ensured.
禁止任何组织或者个人破坏、损害和侵占国防资产。未经国务院、中央军事委员会或者国务院、中央军事委员会授权的机构批准，国防资产的占有、使用单位不得改变国防资产用于国防的目的。国防资产中的技术成果，在坚持国防优先、确保安全的前提下，可以根据国家有关规定用于其他用途。
For national defense assets which are no longer used for national defense purposes, the administrative institutions in charge of and the entities possessing and using them shall follow due processes for approval in accordance with relevant regulations before using them for other purposes or disposing of them in accordance with the law.
国防资产的管理机构或者占有、使用单位对不再用于国防目的的国防资产，应当按照规定报批，依法改作其他用途或者进行处置。
Chapter VII National Defense Education
第七章 国防教育
Article 43 The State shall, through national defense education, help all citizens to enhance their national defense awareness, raise their awareness of potential dangers, master national defense knowledge, improve national defense skills, promote patriotism, and perform their national defense obligations in accordance with the law.
第四十三条 国家通过开展国防教育，使全体公民增强国防观念、强化忧患意识、掌握国防知识、提高国防技能、发扬爱国主义精神，依法履行国防义务。
It is the common responsibility of the whole society to popularize and foster national defense education.
普及和加强国防教育是全社会的共同责任。
Article 44 National defense education shall follow the principles of participation of all, long-term perseverance, and emphasis on practical effects, and stress both regular education and intensive education, both universal education and group-specific education, and both theoretical education and practical education.
第四十四条 国防教育贯彻全民参与、长期坚持、讲求实效的方针，实行经常教育与集中教育相结合、普及教育与重点教育相结合、理论教育与行为教育相结合的原则。
Article 45 National defense education authorities shall strengthen the organization and management of national defense education, and other relevant authorities shall execute national defense education work in accordance with their prescribed duties.
第四十五条 国防教育主管部门应当加强国防教育的组织管理，其他有关部门应当按照规定的职责做好国防教育工作。
Military bodies shall aid relevant authorities and organizations in national defense education, and provide relevant convenience in accordance with the law.
军事机关应当支持有关机关和组织开展国防教育工作，依法提供有关便利条件。
All State bodies, armed forces, political parties, people’s groups, enterprises, public institutions, social organizations, and other organizations shall organize national defense education in their respective regions, departments, and entities.
一切国家机关和武装力量、各政党和各人民团体、企业事业组织、社会组织和其他组织，都应当组织本地区、本部门、本单位开展国防教育。
National defense education at schools is the basis of national defense education for all. Schools at all levels and of all types shall set appropriate national defense education courses or include such education in relevant curricula. Regular institutions of higher learning and senior secondary schools shall organize military training for students in accordance with relevant regulations.
学校的国防教育是全民国防教育的基础。各级各类学校应当设置适当的国防教育课程，或者在有关课程中增加国防教育的内容。普通高等学校和高中阶段学校应当按照规定组织学生军事训练。
Public officials shall actively participate in national defense education, improve their national defense literacy, and play an exemplary and leading role in national defense education for all.
公职人员应当积极参加国防教育，提升国防素养，发挥在全民国防教育中的模范带头作用。
Article 46 People’s governments at all levels shall incorporate national defense education into their plans for economic and social development, and ensure the funds needed for national defense education.
第四十六条各级人民政府应当将国防教育纳入国民经济和社会发展计划，保障国防教育所需的经费。
Chapter VIII National Defense Mobilization and State of War
第八章 国防动员和战争状态
Article 47 When the sovereignty, unity, territorial integrity, security, and development interests of the People’s Republic of China come under threat, the State shall conduct national general mobilization or local mobilization in accordance with the Constitution and other laws.
第四十七条 中华人民共和国的主权、统一、领土完整、安全和发展利益遭受威胁时，国家依照宪法和法律规定，进行全国总动员或者局部动员。
Article 48 The State shall incorporate national defense mobilization readiness into its overall development programs and plans, improve the national defense mobilization system, and increase its potential and capacity for national defense mobilization.
第四十八条 国家将国防动员准备纳入国家总体发展规划和计划，完善国防动员体制，增强国防动员潜力，提高国防动员能力。
Article 49 The State shall establish a strategic materials reserve system. Strategic materials reserves shall be appropriate in scale, stored safely, convenient to use, and regularly updated so as to ensure wartime needs.
第四十九条 国家建立战略物资储备制度。战略物资储备应当规模适度、储存安全、调用方便、定期更换，保障战时的需要。
Article 50 Relevant departments of the State leading bodies for national defense mobilization, central government bodies, and the Central Military Commission bodies shall, based on the division of responsibilities, organize national defense mobilization readiness and implementation.
第五十条 国家国防动员领导机构、中央国家机关、中央军事委员会机关有关部门按照职责分工，组织国防动员准备和实施工作。
All State bodies, armed forces, political parties, people’s groups, enterprises, public institutions, social organizations, and other organizations as well as all citizens must complete their national defense mobilization readiness in accordance with the law; and must accomplish their national defense mobilization tasks after the State issues a mobilization order.
一切国家机关和武装力量、各政党和各人民团体、企业事业组织、社会组织、其他组织和公民，都必须依照法律规定完成国防动员准备工作；在国家发布动员令后，必须完成规定的国防动员任务。
Article 51 The State may expropriate or requisition the equipment, facilities, means of transportation, premises, and other properties of organizations and individuals in accordance with the law for the purpose of national defense mobilization.
第五十一条 国家根据国防动员需要，可以依法征收、征用组织和个人的设备设施、交通工具、场所和其他财产。
People’s governments at or above the county level shall, in accordance with relevant State regulations, give fair and reasonable compensations to the organizations or individuals for their direct economic losses caused by expropriation or requisition.
县级以上人民政府对被征收、征用者因征收、征用所造成的直接经济损失，按照国家有关规定给予公平、合理的补偿。
Article 52 The State shall declare a state of war in accordance with the Constitution, take measures to pool human, material, and financial resources, and lead all citizens in defending the country and resisting aggression.
第五十二条 国家依照宪法规定宣布战争状态，采取各种措施集中人力、物力和财力，领导全体公民保卫祖国、抵抗侵略。
Chapter IX National Defense Obligations and Rights of Citizens and Organizations
第九章 公民、组织的国防义务和权利
Article 53 It is an honorable duty of citizens of the People’s Republic of China to serve in the military or the militia in accordance with the law.
第五十三条 依照法律服兵役和参加民兵组织是中华人民共和国公民的光荣义务。
Military service bodies at all levels and grassroots people’s armed forces bodies shall handle military service work in accordance with the law, attain their task of conscription in accordance with the orders of the State Council and the Central Military Commission, and ensure the qualifications of the enlisted. Relevant State bodies, people’s groups, enterprises, public institutions, social organizations, and other organizations shall complete their militia and reserve work in accordance with the law, and assist in completing the task of conscription.
各级兵役机关和基层人民武装机构应当依法办理兵役工作，按照国务院和中央军事委员会的命令完成征兵任务，保证兵员质量。有关国家机关、人民团体、企业事业组织、社会组织和其他组织，应当依法完成民兵和预备役工作，协助完成征兵任务。
Article 54 Enterprises, public institutions, and individuals undertaking national defense research and production or taking military procurement orders shall provide weapons, equipment, materiel, works, and services that meet quality standards.
第五十四条 企业事业组织和个人承担国防科研生产任务或者接受军事采购，应当按照要求提供符合质量标准的武器装备或者物资、工程、服务。
Enterprises, public institutions, and individuals shall satisfy national defense requirements for national defense-related construction projects in accordance with State regulations, and meet the needs of national defense development and military operations in accordance with the law. The entities administering and operating railway stations, bus terminals, ports, airports, roads, and other transport facilities shall provide priority services to the passage of servicepersons and military vehicles and vessels, and provide preferential treatment to them in accordance with relevant regulations.
企业事业组织和个人应当按照国家规定在与国防密切相关的建设项目中贯彻国防要求，依法保障国防建设和军事行动的需要。车站、港口、机场、道路等交通设施的管理、运营单位应当为军人和军用车辆、船舶的通行提供优先服务，按照规定给予优待。
Article 55 Citizens shall receive national defense education.
第五十五条 公民应当接受国防教育。
Citizens and organizations shall protect national defense facilities and shall not damage or endanger them.
公民和组织应当保护国防设施，不得破坏、危害国防设施。
Citizens and organizations shall comply with confidentiality regulations and shall not divulge State secrets of national defense or illegally possess classified documents, materials or other items of national defense.
公民和组织应当遵守保密规定，不得泄露国防方面的国家秘密，不得非法持有国防方面的秘密文件、资料和其他秘密物品。
Article 56 Citizens and organizations support national defense development and provide convenience or other assistance for the armed forces to carry out military training, readiness duties, defensive operations, and non-war military operations.
第五十六条公民和组织应当支持国防建设，为武装力量的军事训练、战备勤务、防卫作战、非战争军事行动等活动提供便利条件或者其他协助。
The State encourages and supports investments in national defense by qualified citizens and enterprises, protects investors’ lawful rights and interests, and give them preferential policies in accordance with the law.
国家鼓励和支持符合条件的公民和企业投资国防事业，保障投资者的合法权益并依法给予政策优惠。
Article 57 Citizens and organizations shall have the right to advise on national defense development, and stop or inform against acts endangering national defense interests.
第五十七条公民和组织有对国防建设提出建议的权利，有对危害国防利益的行为进行制止或者检举的权利。
Article 58 The militia, reservists, and other citizens shall perform their duties and obligations when taking part in military training and carrying out readiness duties, defensive operations, non-war military operations, and other tasks in accordance with the law. The State and society shall ensure that they are entitled to corresponding treatment, and provide them with benefits in accordance with relevant regulations.
第五十八条民兵、预备役人员和其他公民依法参加军事训练，担负战备勤务、防卫作战、非战争军事行动等任务时，应当履行自己的职责和义务；国家和社会保障其享有相应的待遇，按照有关规定对其实行抚恤优待。
Citizens and organizations may be compensated for their direct economic losses due to national defense development or military operations in accordance with relevant State regulations.
公民和组织因国防建设和军事活动在经济上受到直接损失的，可以依照国家有关规定获得补偿。
Chapter X Obligations, Rights, and Interests of Servicepersons
第十章 军人的义务和权益
Article 59 Servicepersons must be loyal to the country, be devoted to the Communist Party of China, perform their duties, fight bravely, fear no sacrifice, and defend the security, honor, and interests of the country.
第五十九条 军人必须忠于祖国，忠于中国共产党，履行职责，英勇战斗，不怕牺牲，捍卫祖国的安全、荣誉和利益。
Article 60 Servicepersons must abide by the Constitution and other laws in an exemplary way, observe military regulations, execute orders, and strictly abide by the rules of discipline.
第六十条 军人必须模范地遵守宪法和法律，遵守军事法规，执行命令，严守纪律。
Article 61 Servicepersons shall carry forward the fine traditions of the people’s armed forces, cherish and protect the people, actively participate in socialist modernization, and complete rescue, disaster relief, and other tasks.
第六十一条 军人应当发扬人民军队的优良传统，热爱人民，保护人民，积极参加社会主义现代化建设，完成抢险救灾等任务。
Article 62 Servicepersons shall be held in high esteem by the whole of society.
第六十二条 军人应当受到全社会的尊崇。
The State shall establish a system for honoring servicepersons for their meritorious services.
国家建立军人功勋荣誉表彰制度。
The State shall take effective measures to protect the honor and dignity of servicepersons and offer special protection for their marriage in accordance with laws.
国家采取有效措施保护军人的荣誉、人格尊严，依照法律规定对军人的婚姻实行特别保护。
Servicepersons’ performance of their duties in accordance with the law is protected by law.
军人依法履行职责的行为受法律保护。
Article 63 The State and society shall provide preferential treatment to servicepersons.
第六十三条 国家和社会优待军人。
The State shall establish a wellbeing support system for servicepersons, which is commensurate with the military profession and coordinated with economic development.
国家建立与军事职业相适应、与国民经济发展相协调的军人待遇保障制度。
Article 64 The State shall establish a wellbeing support system for veterans, properly place them, and protect their lawful rights and interests.
第六十四条 国家建立退役军人保障制度，妥善安置退役军人，维护退役军人的合法权益。
Article 65 The State and society shall provide benefits and preferential treatment to disabled servicepersons and provide special safeguards for their daily necessities and medical care in accordance with the law.
第六十五条 国家和社会抚恤优待残疾军人，对残疾军人的生活和医疗依法给予特别保障。
When a serviceperson who has been disabled or contracted a disease due to war or work is discharged from active service, a people’s government at or above the county level shall accept and place such a serviceperson in a timely manner, and ensure that the living standards of such a serviceperson are not lower than the local average.
因战、因公致残或者致病的残疾军人退出现役后，县级以上人民政府应当及时接收安置，并保障其生活不低于当地的平均生活水平。
Article 66 The State and society shall provide preferential treatment to the families of servicepersons, and provide benefits and preferential treatment to the families of martyrs and servicepersons who died in the line of duty or of illnesses.
第六十六条 国家和社会优待军人家属，抚恤优待烈士家属和因公牺牲、病故军人的家属。
Chapter XI Foreign Military Relations
第十一章 对外军事关系
Article 67 The People’s Republic of China shall adhere to the five principles of mutual respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity, mutual nonaggression, noninterference in each other’s internal affairs, equality and mutual benefit, and peaceful coexistence, uphold the international system with the United Nations at its core and the international order based on international law, advocate common, comprehensive, cooperative, and sustainable security, work to build a human community with a shared future, and independently conduct foreign military relations, and carry out military exchanges and cooperation with other countries.
第六十七条 中华人民共和国坚持互相尊重主权和领土完整、互不侵犯、互不干涉内政、平等互利、和平共处五项原则，维护以联合国为核心的国际体系和以国际法为基础的国际秩序，坚持共同、综合、合作、可持续的安全观，推动构建人类命运共同体，独立自主地处理对外军事关系，开展军事交流与合作。
Article 68 The People’s Republic of China shall comply with the fundamental norms governing international relations based on the purposes and principles of the United Nations Charter, and employ its armed forces in accordance with relevant State laws to protect the security of overseas Chinese citizens, organizations, institutions, and facilities, participate in United Nations peacekeeping, international rescue, maritime escort, joint exercises and training, counter-terrorism, and other activities, work to fulfill its international security obligations, and safeguard its overseas interests.
第六十八条 中华人民共和国遵循以联合国宪章宗旨和原则为基础的国际关系基本准则，依照国家有关法律运用武装力量，保护海外中国公民、组织、机构和设施的安全，参加联合国维和、国际救援、海上护航、联演联训、打击恐怖主义等活动，履行国际安全义务，维护国家海外利益。
Article 69 The People’s Republic of China supports military-related activities carried out by the international community for the benefit of safeguarding world and regional peace, security, and stability, supports the international community’s efforts to resolve international disputes in a just and reasonable manner and its efforts for international arms control, disarmament, and nonproliferation, take part in multilateral security dialogue and negotiations, and promote the formulation of universally accepted, fair, and equitable international rules.
第六十九条 中华人民共和国支持国际社会实施的有利于维护世界和地区和平、安全、稳定的与军事有关的活动，支持国际社会为公正合理地解决国际争端以及国际军备控制、裁军和防扩散所做的努力，参与安全领域多边对话谈判，推动制定普遍接受、公正合理的国际规则。
Article 70 In its military relations with foreign countries, the People’s Republic of China shall observe the relevant treaties and agreements it concluded with other countries or international organizations or acceded to.
第七十条 中华人民共和国在对外军事关系中遵守同外国、国际组织缔结或者参加的有关条约和协定。
Chapter XII Supplementary Provisions
第十二章 附则
Article 71 For the purposes of this Law, the term “servicepersons” means officers, non-commissioned officers, enlisted soldiers, and other personnel in active service in the Chinese People’s Liberation Army.
第七十一条 本法所称军人，是指在中国人民解放军服现役的军官、军士、义务兵等人员。
The provisions of this Law regarding servicepersons shall apply to the members of the Chinese People’s Armed Police Force.
本法关于军人的规定，适用于人民武装警察。
Article 72 The defense of the special administrative regions of the People’s Republic of China shall be prescribed by the basic laws of the special administrative regions and other relevant laws.
第七十二条 中华人民共和国特别行政区的防务，由特别行政区基本法和有关法律规定。
Article 73 This Law shall come into force on January 1, 2021.
第七十三条 本法自2021年1月1日起施行。